America’s Foundation

The coup take States Declaration of liberty create verb wholly in ally by Thomas Jefferson was a line that was used on July 4, 1776 by the Continental coitus to decl be the liberty of xiii Ameri sack colonies from Britain. It entailed in come apart the following(a) political independence of every some one(a) as provided by natural law, beneficial of revolution. By this, it implied that all the Statesns were entitled to fitted rights and in cases where these rights were br individuallyed, anyone was entitled to revolt against the aggressor.Another part of the declaration was a list of charges against great motive George who was seen as having dishonored the rights of colonialist in that locationfore was seen as unfit to reign everywhere. Lastly, the declaration stipulated conditions at a lower place which mess could change their prescribement and Britain situation offered a perfect example. Hence it called on to all colonies to throw off British roof and claim their independence ( program library of sexual congress, 1861, 865). The article of league The article of federation was the first organisation arrangement of America.The article sought to immix several States in America that were initially monarch butterfly downstairs the British regime. It was do in drafts with the last draft do in 1977 and adoptive by Continental Congress on November 15, 1977. The article stipulated the rules and edict to govern the new found linked States confederation. Hence with the phrase, United States was cap adapted of making wars and settling interstates dispute diplomatically. Furthermore, United States was able to resolve issues concerning western territories.The articles were created with a impression of providing freedom, Sovereignty and independence of America. With time, it was found that these articles were ineffectual to provide sufficient supplys that would govern the country effectively indeed a need for a detailed governance t hat would replace the Confederation with the Federal. This paved track for the geological formation of a constitution in 1788 (Jensen, 1970, p 109). The constitution The constitution is the veritable governing body of law in United States of America.It is the supreme law of United States and is the source of legal authority implicit in(p) to the existence of America and all its administrative and judicial bodies deep down it. It defines tierce gird of the government the legislative led by Congress, an executive director branch led by the President and judicial branch led by Supreme Court. In its description, it stipulates each branch powers that helps eliminate conflict of power during implementation. In addition, it established the federal carcass of government that gave individual states several(a) rights.It was adopted on September 17, 1789 and has so cold undergone twenty seven amendments (Hickey, 1853, 483) affinity and furrow amid members of Confederation, phys ical composition and Declaration of Independence. thither argon various similarities and differences in the Declaration, Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. In comparison, all the above three muniments sought to provide the sovereignty and independence of United States of America. They stipulated that US was a sovereign state that was capable of making laws, negotiating diplomatic relations and setting up its have army.America, in that locationfore, was free to trade and govern itself under its own laws without any external interference. altogether three document emphasized on basic human right. This was stipulated through the provision for freedom of movement and expression in the constitution and the Article of Confederation. Equality and sovereignty of each state was also every bit stipulated in three documents. Above all, the document stipulated the rules and regulation that would hence fourth govern United States of America.Breach of which would lead to prosecu tion and there after a punishment. Similarity among the documents can also be seen in their fashion of formation where by representatives from various states were elect to draft them and later sign on the document to authenticate them. In this sense, all the above three document are similar. Contrasts Among the notable differences are in levying taxes. In Articles of Confederation, Congress could only request various states to pay taxes but looking into the constitution, Congress has the right to levy taxes on individuals.On the executive side, the Constitution provides the president with powers to choose storage locker members and has power to check on the powers of tribunal and legislature, however, the article provided the president with no executive powers and his role was only to preside over the Congress. On amending the constitution, two thirds of both houses of recounting and three quarter of senate legislature are needed to amend the constitution under the provision of t he current constitution compared to bakers dozen out of thirteen as provided by the Article.With the Article, it recommended that sovereignty remained indoors States however the constitution states that it is the supreme law of the land hence sovereignty applies within the range of constitution. Regarding trade, Article provided no control of trade within states and no regulation what so ever was done between interstate trades. This implied that there was free movement of goods and services within states without government interference. However, constitution provides for regulation of trades between states and the power is bestowed to the Congress which oversees all these regulations.In formation of an army to provide military support, Article of Confederation awarded no right to the copulation to draft troops that would participate in war. Hence, they had to rely on military portion by various states. In the Constitution, Congress has the power to raise an army that would like with any military emergency in the country. In conclusion, it can be asseverate that without these three documents in US history, the law of United States of America could be at stake and therefore, it would have become knotty to govern all the states under one government.References Faber H. , Faber, Doris. (1987). We the People The Story of the United States Constitution since 1787. New York Scribners. Hickey, W. (1853). The Constitution of the United States of America With an Alphabetical Analysis the Declaration of Independence Electoral Votes for All the Presidents and Vice-presidents the High regime and Civil Officers of Government from troop 4, 1789, to March 3. T. K. & P. G. Collins . pp 483. Jensen M. (1970).The Articles of Confederation An version of the Social-constitutional History of the American Revolution 1774-1781. University of Wisconsin Press. Library of Congress (1861). Catalogue of the Library of Congress. Oxford University. Pp 865. Suksi M. (1993). tr ansport in the People A Comparison of Constitutional Forms and Practices of the Referendum. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. US History. Articles of Confederation Vs the Constitution. http//home. earthlink. net/gfeldmeth/chart. art Accessed on February 26, 2009.

'Adaptive effectiveness Essay\r'

'The business environment is dynamic and changes endlessly thus making it complex. As a result, our understanding of the environment and ability to venture its response to wariness motions becomes limited. In concomitant with the changing social values, a familiarity gap emerges which results in ambiguity regarding the most(prenominal) appropriate way to manage an cheek. scorn the ambiguity, managers have to make decisions and implement organizational plans.\r\nAn alterive good example of management accordingly comes into perspective in providing a straightlaced way for managers to proceed sensibly with their decisions and plans in the face of uncertainties (Nyberg, 1999). An adaptational regulate of management can be valuable to organizations in testing, refining and improving their policies and objectives. Despite the item that development and performance of organizational policies and objectives is ground on the beaver available training and expertise, the or ganization is required to implement legion(predicate) new and experimental strategies.\r\nSee more: Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan prompt Essay\r\nIn much(prenominal) situations, the organization is faced with questions regarding how best to implement the strategies such that they are aligned with its objectives and the best actions for the implementation (Nyberg, 1999). In addressing such questions effectively, an adaptive model offers the most appropriate approach. An adaptive model of management entails â€Å"integration of design, management, and monitoring to systematically test assumptions in order to adapt and learn” (Salafsky, Margoluis & Redford, 2001).\r\nA countrywide research is incorporated into conservation action to ensure the model is effective and produces best results. Moreover, the model seeks to use management treatment as a joyride to visualize the functioning of the ecosystem through testing of its depict hypothesis (Resilience Alliance, 2010). Uncertainties are first identify and methodologies for testing their hypotheses are established. In entree to management being utilized as a tool for changing the system, it is besides used as a tool for learning about the system.\r\nThis paper seeks to search the Model of Accessing Adaptive Effectiveness in organizations and its role in the realization of organizational success. The appreciative inquiry approach, a technique that supplements the adaptive model, go out be examined as a result of its influence on organizational changes. Moreover, in probing the adaptive model, business mend assessment is of the essence(p) in evaluating the changes realized and their effects on the organization’s position. This paper will therefore examine the features of this model and its impact on organizational changes.\r\n'

'Marketing Blockbuster\r'

' blockbuster is an entity in performance of alter websites which atomic number 18 aimed at protect individuals make from external plagiarism.  Its administration fol first-class honours degrees a responsive schedule of administrative activities through with(predicate) which it git provide its divine proceeds to its clients in the around efficient manner.  Service is organised through the online, where face-to-face information is calm for the processing of such testimonial to plagiarism of materials from its users.  In all its activities it exercises spicy merchandise orientations for its thrash to its current user and change surface non-user.\r\nStrengths:\r\nBy the nature of its activities, its function ar offered for the apology of piracy in passel’s production and works.  Firstly, this is an adaptative boast with megahit, where it can nonetheless m another(prenominal) whatsoever users in respect to the current caper in piracy of c opyrighted work and new(prenominal) materials.  Piracy has been voiced as a global problem, which has cal conduct for some sanctions, laws and regulations for the security measure of individuals work.  There have been more attempts by many g overnments in order to command the state of piracy among productions.  To smash hit, they attempt to spirt a scheme that works to protect piracy in productions have had it make water many customers who try to seek safety device in their work against piracy.\r\nEither, it has a diversify plane of the customers that it serves in which case, Blockbuster serves varied discipline of materials against piracy.  Through this, it can gum olibanum circulate many varied type traits and customers work productions\r\nBlock duster has broad spread website advertisements that watchs many customers. such(prenominal) a method helps to touch many customers.\r\nWeaknesses\r\nThe organisational structure of service to customers consists of a organisation of broad requirements where it has to collect wide meander personal information from its customers.  such establishment has been composed of withal informal and bureaucratic requirements that only work to outweigh the strengths innate(p) to its customers.  Either, the exercise of joining the musical arrangement by the customers has in addition been too expensive in terms costs.\r\nThis problem has even led to failure by most elicit parties to join the dust for their function.  The body also addresses on specific requirements for the customers to join it, where some specific requirements to the work under protective covering is required.  This has worked to outweigh most of the customers to joining the system.\r\nOpportunities\r\n receivable to its varied nature of its appendages, Blockbuster has the say-so of expanding and even deceaseing many people.  Its operation is based on voluntary primer coat where any touch oned individual ca n join the organization.  It’s full(prenominal)ly non invidious in terms of geographical, ethnic or even racial grounds.  With this modality, it invites all interested people who can join their service provision.\r\nEither, its operations argon done online which curves the issuance of distance barrier for people in receiving their services. It can therefore attract many people through more online administration.  out-of-pocket to the expanding nature of protection to materials in the globe, Blockbuster have a broad country of expanded horizons in giving services to its customers who are highly in an assay to seek protection of their work against piracy. (McConnell, 2004)\r\nThreats\r\nIts high administrative requirements for personal material which is too inefficient to the people may sum a high competition issues by its competitors which may finally lead to them universe outweighed.  Either, the general administration policies seek to reduce the interest of its customers from joining the organization in the speak outt of bureaucratic requirements for customer’s service.  Either, selectivity to material under protection results to a reduced interest by making people in joining it to complain of their inability to meet the requirements for their admission.\r\nMarketing strategies\r\nBlockbuster marketing consists of varied modalities that are aimed at improving its marketing system.  A interrelated marketing strategies approach enables it to prevail in the market, which is full of other competitors.\r\nPerhaps the most patent marketing strategy holding with Blockbuster is its decentralized positioning.  Unlike other firms which work only within a limited radius of customers’ service, Blockbuster uses online system to reach its customers.  This is a strategy that seeks to cast down distance inefficiencies for services to customers.\r\nFor Blockbuster, perhaps its biggest conquest comes from the nature o f tits activities branding.  It is known to be a service provider in congenator to provision of protection on piracy to peoples work.  With its services brand category, the organization attracts many customers who seek such services.  Either, piracy evident in a broad appreciation of production works helps the organization to reach many customers.\r\nIn order to capture the interest of many customers, Blockbuster has employ an attractive package in set its services.  Its price is relatively low and varies intimately to the work under piracy protection.  Generally, Blockbuster has used a low price cost for its services which even makes it to contest with its competitors in the market.  Due to its high turnover, it has even increased in expansion over the past two years.\r\nBlockbuster offers a broad range of piracy protection services to its customers.  Such works are copyrighted material, electronic digital work and contrasting patent righted works. The nature of its services is both on small and broad scale service provisions which insure that, it serves all the possible customers in the market. Such service is strictly devised to be online to prepare different market efficiencies and economies.  This is perhaps a good market strategy that helps it to reach its customers easily.\r\nPerhaps the greatest marketing strategy that is evident with Blockbuster is its dynamic musical arrangement of it operational centers.  It consists of online provision of piracy protection service to its customers. Such method of service provision is non-discriminatory to the distances and thus customers can be served from varied places.  This decentralized marketing system helps it capture more customers. (Smith, 1997, p.112)\r\nIt uses conglomerate furtherance strategies to expand its catchments area; firstly, it has developed a broad internet advertisement that seeks to reach many people at different places.  Internet advertising is indiscriminative to place and other advertising inefficiencies.  Such methods help to capture many customers at cheap cash.\r\n in a higher place internet advertising, Blockbuster has administered a personal selling strategy where it has employed its agents who personally visit customers at different point. Such agency system helps even to cleanse on the firms’ popularity to those who may not be aware.  Above general exchanges, the agents help to sales event on the business stakeholder ship of the firm.\r\nThe organization has engaged in diverse various promotions on its products.  It has offered cost advantages to huge customers who are offered with price reductions and other after sale services.  Other cost efficient allowances are given to new members.  Other promotions services are free offers on procure of some service in admiration to service offered or even epoch be sick aspect. (Smith, 1997, p.59)\r\nAbove all, the promotion demeanor has high sense of public transaction to its customers.  Its administrative layout is designed to provide the highest customer relations that ensure developed interest by the customers to the firm’s services.  The frame of administrative structure focuses on ensuring the high customers satisfaction above efficiency and low cost of service.\r\nReference\r\nSmith, G. (1997) The Oxford History of populace Cinema. Oxford: Oxford University Press\r\nMcConnell, A (2004) Making Wal-Mart middling: Trademarks and Aesthetic Restrictions on Big              incase Retailers.  Duke Law Journal, vol. 53\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n'

'Buddhist website\r'

'The succeeding(a) preliminary schooling leave alone signalise how the multimedia factors contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) †calculator graphic usage, auditory sensation/video usage, merchandise section, and so on †take siamese connection determinationr’s attitude toward Buddhistic bladesite. The dissertation excessively seeks to de bourneine whether the abovementioned factors make drug user to pass water either positive or damaging or indifferent attitude toward the site. The study will employ a two-part soft methodology, and the results, it is hoped, will lead to to a massiveer extent in public figure policies for the assessment of Siamese user’s attitude toward Buddhist meshingsites.This dissertation will employ heuristic and atomic number 18na face methodology to perform a superior ethnic analysis on Website contrive for the purposes of future question. The analysis of socio-economical and heathenish issues (organized faith, Human-Computer Interaction, e-commerce, ethnography) relating to Website name is peculiarly valuable from the perspective of the Thai-speaking Buddhist audience. Future seek on the matters say above is expected to clarify what figure of study multitude from the particular ethnical region expect and how it should be designed.Literature polish up Mayhew once comp atomic number 18d a website to a halt which anyone can display on The reality Wide Web (WWW) which is â€Å"a alluviation of public instruction and transactions created by the public and accessible to the public via the lucre” (Mayhew, 2003, p. 3). The characteristics of the WWW ar tensely linked to the ones of the website. Any website incorporates multimedia data such(prenominal) as text, static graphics, sound, animation, movie clips and realistic spaces arranged as hypermedia documents.These are the â€Å"documents that contain links to separate pages of information” (Dod ge & antiophthalmic factor; Kitchin, 2001, p. 3). The key issue approximately a website is its active, multimedia and hypermedia nature. The look research should be inevitably cover around the principles of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), user interface (UI) design, website usability engineering, and their influences on the website users. Alty defined the goal of HCI as â€Å"the efficient transfer of information between persons and computers” (2003a, p.100). According to Alty, HCI is […] a generic term that describes all the activities concerned with the research, design, analysis, culture, implementation and military rating of the fundamental interactions across the interface between computer applications and human worlds (often called users or operators) who are interacting with the application. (Alty, 2003b, p. 228) An reliable website should be constructed according to the principle of user- centered design.It room that â€Å"the needs, capabilities an d limitations of the intended users [should be] properly taken into work out during the design process” (Alty, 2003a, p. 100). Among the mesh user interface capabilities and constraints affecting users’ perceptions Mayhew listed modem speed, browser capabilities, browser controls and interpreters, installed â€Å"helper applications” or â€Å"plug-ins,” windowing, direct manipulation, and show (2003, p. 11). indoors the context of HCI, a website utilizes output (text, graphics, sound, music, speech, color, animation, dummy up pictures, moving video) and input (text [keyboard, handwriting], gesture [mouse, pen, dataglove, eye-movement], strait [voice or sound]) media to produce an effect on the user. Most literature investigates the tokens of user-friendliness in check to a website (Mayhew, 2003; Mayhew & assembly A; Bias, 2003; Opaluch, 2003; Boardman, 2004). Acknowledging the importance of this concept, Kurosu (2003) relied on cultural aspects of web usability such as â€Å"cultural variety” and â€Å"depth of gardening” (p.48). The researcher utilized Suzukis (1997) definition of the burnish as â€Å"the response trope divided by rough specific concourse of people that is shaped through interaction with the environment” (Kurosu, 2003, p. 48) holding â€Å"the response pattern” as â€Å"how people will interact with the Website,” and â€Å"interaction with the environment” as â€Å"the interaction with the Website through the PC environment, including the browser. ” Laney (1998) in his investigating of spiritual Christian Web sites relied on the Media System Dependency as salutary as uses and gratifications perspectives.Some researchers (Weeks & axerophthol; Goodman, 2003; Proctor & axerophthol; Vu, 2003) investigated HIC within the context of human information processing and perceptual-motor behavior, w here(predicate)as the early(a) group of scholars (van der she er & adenine; del Carmen, 2003; Yoshikawa, 2003) emphasized the mental sttype A as the core of HCI. Finally, Brave & Nass (2003) researched emotional implications of human-computer interaction. There is in addition a considerable remains of research (Mayhew & Bias, 2003; Carey, 2001; Steinbock, 2000; Varey, 2001) dedicated to the issues of e-commerce and marketing relating to websites.Taken into account the field of the endue research, reaction of Thai users towards Buddhist websites, the above demesned mechanisms and structures of HCI with a stress of user-friendliness should be study within the unearthly and cultural context. The resemblance to culture in terms of geographic location is distorted and made composite plant within the WWW context (Couldry & McCarthy, 2004; Miller, 2004; Dodge & Kitchin, 2001; Kurosu, 2003). Geographical boundaries (the areas where people confess Buddhism, Thailand as a allege unity) do not coincide with cultural zones (Thai c ultural individualism) and virtual areas (the WWW).On the one hand, Thailand is active to enter the global community with its quite developed media network (Hamilton, 2002; Mccargo, 2002). On the other hand, the Thai depicted object cultural identity is of introvert type with its â€Å"assertion of specialisation in relation to a omnipotent external world of ‘others’” (Hamilton, 2002, p. 153). One should also take into consideration the cultural elements constituting the religion of Buddhism. Haynes (2003) stated that over 90 per cent of the Thais are Buddhists.In Thailand Buddhism is â€Å"the sasana pracham chat, that is, the ‘inherent’ national religion” and constitutes â€Å"an ideological basis and political genuineness” for the state (Haynes, 2003, p. 365). However, Haynes (2003) noted that the role of the state religion is flexible and â€Å"open to manage” (ibid. ). Swearer emphasized the unusual orientation of Th ai Buddhism towards â€Å"[t]he cult of relics, images, icons, and amulets” (2003, p. 10). The religion in Thailand became more â€Å"secular and commercial” (ibid. ).The discussion seems peculiarly interesting when phantasmal issues are communicate onto the virtual reality in the form of a spiritual website. Miller & Slater acknowledged â€Å"the coming unneurotic of a widespread interest in the spiritual implications of the technology, shew in some of the cyberutopian literature, together with an interest in the use of the mesh on the part of realised religions” (2000, p. 173). Laney (1998) noted that the simplification of web technologies and, thus, their cheapening erectd to the proliferation of religious websites.Unfortunately, the accessible literature concentrated on Christian websites with no comparison to other confessions. Last (2005) provided an interesting statistics on the Christian websites in regard to the goal of the website users in their accessing the religious websites. According to the source, 32 per centum of the web-surfers are interested in religious news, 17 part search for places to worship, 14 share plan religious group meetings via the Internet, and 7 percent donate to pilot ladder with the help of the WWW.Besides, 11 percent of Internet users download spiritual music, 35 percent send online greeting cards, and 38 percent email spiritual messages. Unfortunately, the statistics is rather meek in regard to Buddhist websites. Within the Thailand context, Hachigian & Wu observed such HCI problems as â€Å"the lack of IT access in folksy areas where most of the population lives, lack of literacy in English/lack of Thai content, unsuited systems in different parts of the government, and myopic training of officials” (2003, p. 88). Most of the Buddhist websites found by a plain search via search engines (Yahoo, Google, etc.) are indite in English. Therefore, the present probe is associa ted with difficulties in turn up authentic sites for analysis. Problem definition It is on-key that literature about the WWW and common principles of website user interface (UI) design has gravid lately. However, religious usage of websites is significantly underexplored. It is especially evident in regard to non-Christian religious websites. Religious website usage may contribute positively to the body of scholarly research on the motivations for religious Web use. The media existence studied are Buddhist religious sites on the World Wide Web.Large investments are being made into the construction and development of religious websites on the Internet. A great proportion of Buddhist websites are written in English and seeks to meet cultural expectations of the Westerners. Laney (1998) once defined the problem for his investigation of Christian websites as the poorly researched motivations of the English-speaking visitors. The American scholar would be amazed at the â€Å"black hole” in regard to the motivations of Thai-speaking web-surfers whose driving desires and emotions relating to Buddhist websites are unexplored even to a greater extent.The present estimate seeks specifically to provide an exploratory study of Buddhist Thai-speaking website users and their motivations for using the religious Buddhist websites. Cultural surmise as well as affable Models theory and HCI theory construct a complex example important for the present analysis. In order to investigate Thai users’ attitudes toward Buddhist websites the following theoretical framework was constructed. Three issues taken as free lance variable quantitys are taken: graphics usage, audio/video usage, and e-marketing strategies in regard to Buddhist religious items.The first two issues are the types of output media whose effect on the user has been empirically proved. The issue of e-marketing is still being explored mainly from the perspective of user-centered design. A lot of elements may enter this concept including skilful (e. g. , modem speed), user-oriented input (text, gesture, audio media), cultural ( expression, religion, arena/nation) and other issues. The aforestated independent variables are supposed(p) to affect (either positively, or nixly, or neutrally) the variable of website user’s perceptions.It is supposed here that graphics and multimedia elements do gibe with web-surfers’ emotions and attitudes. The second hypothesis is that religious priming coat of a user (Buddhism) reinforces his/her positive/negative attitude toward Buddhist websites. In an feat to determine the presence/absence of coefficient of correlation between website user design elements and Thai Buddhist users a revisit of front implications of HCI and cultural paradigms is necessary. This research will look for to provide a description of Thai Buddhism website usage.An additional purpose of this study is to lay the website design elements which po sitively/negatively affect the users of Buddhist religious websites. This study is an exploratory step in growing research on religious websites usage and the motivations for its use. many studies will be required to suffer sufficient knowledge to fully catch this audience’s motivations and preferences for utilizing the most raw form of mediated religion. It is hoped that the present project will provide a head start point and contribute to the growing body of knowledge in regard to the Internet and its cultural and social significance.Bibliography 1. Dodge, M. & Kitchin, R. (2001) mapping cyberspace. London, Routledge. 2. Mccargo, D. (2002) Media and politics in Pacific Asia. London, Routledge. 3. Boardman, M. (2004) The language of websites. immature York, Routledge. 4. Dennis, C. , Fenech, T. & Merrilees, B. (2004) E-Retailing. New York, Routledge. 5. Steinbock, D. (2000) The line of Internet marketing communicatings. Westport, CT, Quorum Books. 6. Varey, R . J. (2001) Marketing communication: An introduction to contemporary issues. New York, Routledge. 7. Miller, D. & Slater, D.(2000) The Internet: An ethnographic approach. Oxford, Berg. 8. Hachigian, N. & Wu, L. (2003) The data Revolution in Asia. Santa Monica, CA, Rand. 9. Mayhew, D. J. (2003) The web as software. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 3-19. 10. Kurosu, M. (2003) A cultural comparison of website design from a usability engineering perspective. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 47-59. 11. Mayhew, D. J. & Bias, R. G. (2003) Cost-justifying web usability.In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 63-87. 12. Opaluch, R. (2003) Usability metrics. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 101-122. 13. Hamilton, A. (2002) The national picture: Thai media and cultural identity. In: Abu-Lughod, L. , Ginsburg, F. D. & Larkin, B. ed. Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain. Berkeley, CA, University of calcium Press, pp. 152-170. 14. Swearer, D. K. (2003) Aniconism versus iconism in Thai Buddhism.In: Heine, S. & Prebish, C. S. ed. Buddhism in the modern world: Adaptations of an ancient tradition. New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 9-25. 15. Alty, J. L. (2003a) Databases, knowledge management and information retrieval. In: Feather, J. & Sturges, P. ed. International Encyclopedia of breeding and program library Science. New York, Routledge, pp. 100-101. 16. Alty, J. L. (2003b) Human-computer interaction. In: Feather, J. & Sturges, P. ed. International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science. New York, Routledge, pp. 228-230.\r\n'