Global Warming And Its Effects Essay - 2266 Words

Student’s Name Professor’s Name Course Date of Submission Global Warming The term global warming refers to the rise in average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. It refers to temperature increase that is large enough to induce changes in the global climate. Global warming is analogous to the modern greenhouse effect, which refers to the rise in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As a result of this, there is an increase of solar radiation, which leads to the rapid rise in the overall earth’s temperature (Morgan114). Global warming has become the major climatic topic of conversation in this 21stcentury. This is due to the fact that it has brought disastrous effects to limelight by causing environmental disasters. Some of the major environmental catastrophe includes the huge floods common in some of the nations, severe drought, and the devastating cyclone throughout the world. Scientists have argued that the mean global temperature has significantly fluctuated compared to the previous millennium. Moreover, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have varied compared to the previous atmospheric records. The uniformity of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has rapidly crossed all the past stored weather records. India is among top ten countries in the world in terms of incurred damages, loss of lives and economic crisis experienced as a result of expeditious climatic change(Chaffin, 275). Thus, before focussing on the detailed assessment of the globalShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effects985 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Science Professor Mahoney 11/11/14 Global Warming Over the last few decades global warming has become one of the biggest environmental issues of all times. Every year, global warming gets worse and it’s affecting the way people live, it is affecting the atmosphere in general, and other living organisms in our planet. Global warming is the gradual and increasing rise of the overall temperature of the Earth caused by the greenhouse effect due to the increased levels of carbon dioxide andRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is directly causing the rise in temperature of the Earth. The melting of the polar ice caps causes some of the most pressing issues including the endangerment of species indigenous to this region and the rise of ocean levels. Global Warming Global warming is the steady rise of temperature of the Earth’s surface. What exactly causes global warming? Numerous sources fuel global warming, such as deforestation, permafrost, and even sunspots. Obviously, many factors contribute to thisRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1331 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Global warming is the causation of the Glaciers melting, sea levels rising, cloud forests drying, and wildlife struggles today. Humans are making this possible because of their release of heat-trapping gasses known as greenhouse gasses by their modern devices. Global warming is the abnormal speedy increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. It is believed that this is due to the greenhouse gasses that people release into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.The greenhouseRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects976 Words   |  4 PagesAs global warming, we understand that is the rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. It has been an immense concerning all over the world for the past decades since the current cycle of global warming is changing the rhythms of climate that humans, animals and plants rely on. Scientists have studied the natural cycles and events that are known to influence the change in climate to discover what i s originating the current global warming. However, the amount and pattern ofRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1571 Words   |  7 PagesAs global issues today become increasingly controversial, many people are inclined to believe that Global Warming is an issue that can take a backseat to more significant issues that plague today’s society. The information presented throughout my research in regards to the rising sea levels and the melting of glaciers and ice shelves, highly indicates that it cannot. What many Americans fail to realize is that if sea levels continue to rise due to Global Warming, then more than half of LouisianaRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is one of the vigorously discussed topic on Earth today. According to a TechMedia Network, â€Å"Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to b e permanently changing the Earth’s climate.† (â€Å"Global Warming †¦ Effects†). We have been witnessing the change in Earth’s climate since past few years, and we are well aware of the consequences of climate change as well. Global warmingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1432 Words   |  6 Pageshas an effect on climate change and contributes to global warming. Yet people tend to turn a blind eye to global warming and label it as a myth, whether they do not believe in it or it is not in their best financial interest to believe in it. Let us take a closer look at global warming and the effects it has on our people, homes and environments. Global Warming has become a rising problem in our world’s climate. It’s time we show the initiative to understand the concept of global warming and showRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects928 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal-Warming Mother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorb thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface some of it goes back out into spaceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1416 Words   |  6 Pages Global Warming The earth is getting warmer, animals and their habitats are declining, human health is at risk and the cause of all this terror is Global Warming. Global warming will cause many parts of the world to change. In the next 50 years climate change could be the cause of more than a million terrestrial species becoming extinct. Sea levels will raise which means more flooding and is not good for the plants. With too much water the plants will die and herbivores will lose theirRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1312 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is presenting a lot of environmental and health problems to many countries. A lot of heat gets trapped on earth due to formation of a non-porous layer gases below the atmosphere. The worst effect is felt by developing countries, which are also geographically disadvantaged. The establishment of such countries is on low altitude areas. This position makes developing countries to be direct victims of floods from the melting snow at high altit ude areas. A lot of scientific research associates

Unit 17 - Database Design Concepts - 1192 Words

Unit 17 – Database Design Concepts a) Write and describe a variety uses organisations make of use of databases and the issues they face - P1.1 Integrity of data Data integrity refers to preserving and promising the accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life-cycle. It is also the critical aspect to the design, implementation and usage of any system. This system can store, process or retrieve data. Data integrity can be negotiated in a number of ways that include: †¢ Human errors when data is entered †¢ Software viruses †¢ Hardware malfunctions †¢ Errors occurred from when data is transmitted from one computer to another Security The main reason why data needs security is to protect itself from unwanted actions of unauthorised users†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Methods of data organisation and access – how the records are going to be saved and the kind of interface they will have. Microsoft SQL A Microsoft SQL server is an engine/product, created by Microsoft, to store and accomplish information. SQL server is also known as a Relation Database Management System (RDBMS) in which a set of programming extensions from Sybase and Microsoft add numerous descriptions to standard SQL. SQL Server 2000 has many features from importing, transforming and exporting data from various sources that include Oracle to text files. Advantages There are many advantages of Microsoft SQL. Below are two main advantages that include â€Å"Enterprise-Grade Management Software† and â€Å"Excellent Data Recovery Support† Enterprise-Grade Management Software Microsoft SQL Server includes specialised, enterprise level database management software, which is easier to use and includes more features. This software, offered by Microsoft, offers close combination with the .NET Framework, which is not the case with challenging products. Excellent Data Recovery Support† As degraded data is continuously a distress when power loss or inappropriate shutdowns occur; Microsoft SQL Server has an endless amount of features that endorse data restoration and recovery. Disadvantages There are many disadvantages of Microsoft SQL. Below are two main disadvantagesShow MoreRelatedSurvey On Keyword Search Of Relational Databases Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesSEARCH IN RELATIONAL DATABASES Chavan Aparna R1, Bangar S2 1 M. Tech Scholar, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT), Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT), Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India Abstract Keyword search is the most effective information discovery method in documents. The large volume of data is stored in databases. Plain text coexistsRead MoreDoctoral Education For Advanced Nursing Practice760 Words   |  4 Pagesthem know of their significance to the team. (The American Association of Nurse Assessment Coordination [AANAC], 2013, p. 2) Additionally, Participative leaders, utilizes the concept of shared governance. Shared governance allows managers to include employees in the decision making process that impacts their work at the unit level. This moves the focus of control from managers directing to developing, coaching, and mentoring staff in being autonomous, responsible, and accountable in decision makingRead MoreTimetable Management System Using Java7535 Words   |  31 PagesAnalysis and Design Web Technologies 11 BAM 753 Essentials of Management Computer  based  Numerical  and  Statistical   Techniques   Total Credits Semester – III S.No. Course Code 12 13 14 15 16 17 COMP 731 COMP 732 COMP 733 COMP 736 COMP 837 BAM 796 Semester – IV S.No. Course Code 18 COMP 842 19 COMP 843 20 COMP 852 21 MAS 721 22 BAM 864 23 COMP 799 Course Name Design Analysis of Algorithms Computer Networks Database Management Systems Object Modeling Techniques and UML Compiler Design AccountingRead MoreBejeweled Inc Expansion; Cmgt 410/Project Planning2344 Words   |  10 Pagesadditional 30,000 for contingency cost. They would like to expand on their existing website and make implement an E-commerce offering their beautiful product all over the country. Along with the new website they will need a new database system to track online orders. We will design strategic questionnaires that will be passed out to Stakeholder, key leads and randomly selected employees. The questionnaire is designed to get basic information to our staff so that once the onsite analysis begins we haveRead MoreQuantitative Review : Moral Distress Experienced By Nurses813 Words   |  4 Pagesusing the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for articles published between January 1984 and December 2011 on nurses’ moral distress. This review was inclusive of studies that featured: empirical research with a quantitative study de sign, addressed moral distress experienced by nurses, based on a conceptual framework of moral distress as defined by Jameton, Wilkinson, or Corely, and published in English (Oh and Gatsmans, 17). This was the criterionRead MoreNarrative Literature Reviews1589 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluation of each research paper and statistical combination of the results of the studies Narrative literature reviews n Or unsystematic narrative review n This is the type of literature review you will be expected to undertake for your assignment in this unit n A narrative review is a comprehensive account that combines published information n Reports authors findings in a condensed form that summarises the contents of each article (Green et al 2006) Preparation n Choose a topic that you are really interestedRead MoreEnergy Joint Genome Institute ( Mpi ) For Terrestrial Microbiology1046 Words   |  5 Pagesdid not restrict our design efforts to known enzymes, but considered all reactions that seemed biochemically feasible, Erb said. Unlike DNA sequencing, where the language of life is read from the genome of an organism, DNA synthesis entails first the identification of a particular genetic element -- such as an enzyme for fixing carbon from the atmosphere -- and writing and expressing that code in a new system. In the end, they sourced, through sequencing and synthesis, 17 different enzymes fromRead MoreThe Internet of Things Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesInternet of Things: An Introduction The Auto-ID laboratory in MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), in 1999, first proposed the concept of Internet of Things. The main idea of Internet of Things is to connect all the items to the internet by means of sensor devices such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for accomplishing intelligent recognition and network management. The core support technology of the internet of things is a wireless sensor network and a radio frequency identificationRead MoreTexas Dyslexia Reform: Implementing a Policy in Its Infancy Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesadopting a one size fits all mentality. Oftentimes trial and error is necessary to determine the appropriate tools and techniques for a specific user (DO-IT, 2010). Implementation of effective AT accommodations requires coordination among support units, educators, and those in leadership roles (Mortimore Crozier, 2006, p 235). Sanson (2005, p. 3) believes that when it comes to accommodating students with disabilities, sc ientists, practitioners, and politicians are necessary to the process as aRead MoreComputer Engineering : Computer Science Department Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesSoftware. These patterns may vary by person to person, but core concepts remain same. Software involves stages like collecting requirement, designing, development, testing and maintenance and Software engineering is applied to all these stages to create high quality software. 2) Computer Engineering is more like a parent branch which involves both Hardware and Software concepts. Computer Engineering encompasses processing concepts, hardware performance, algorithms, hardware architecture, graphics

Essay on Electronic and Communication Privacy Act of 1986

Electronic and Communication Privacy Act of 1986 We are all familiar with the phrase, A little birdie told me. But where did that birdie get his information? If he was like most Mockingbirds in the sky, his information was probably obtained through eavesdropping, which is not an ethical approach. This day and age with technology becoming more and more effective everyday it is not the birds that we have to worry about. Congress has recognized the way that technology has changed society and reacted by passing the Electronic Communication Privacy Act of 1986. There are two main Titles discussed in this act, Title I--Interception of Communications and Related Matters and Title II-- Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and†¦show more content†¦Where it preserved your right to listen in to public radio transmissions, it preserves your right to listen in on pubic computerized transmissions. It allows the provider of electronic communication serviceto keep records of who called and when, to protect themselves from the fraudulent, unlawful or abusive use of such service. This law has stated that is illegal to intentionally intercept a phone conversation on a cellular phone and also to disclose any of the information obtained illegally. The law forbids the manufacturers of radio scanners from creating or marketing any type of radio that will interfere or invade the same frequencies that are used for cellular phones. Title I is very self explanatory, it deals with the more obvious privacy laws. Title II--Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access, is more complex than the above title. This section has caused the biggest concern among bulletin board system operators and users. For those who do not understand what a bulletin board is, it is places on the Internet where messages, or pretty much anything can be posted. Unfortunately, while a lot of well-intentioned people know that a law had been passed, most of them started discussing it without talking the trouble to read it first. As a result, there has been a lot of misinformationShow MoreRelatedThe Electronic Communication Privacy Act, 1986464 Words   |  2 PagesThe Electronic Communication Privacy Act,1986 The Electronic Communication Privacy Act,1986 was initially n amendment of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (Title III) which was also referred to as Wiretap Statute. This was an act that was intended to stop government illegal access to the private electronic communications. With the emergence of other means of electronic communication like the internet, there was a growing tendency of the government agencies to sneak intoRead MoreEmployee Privacy Rights In The Workplace Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesof privacy is a big concern in the workplace. With the expanding of new technology, many employees are concern about his or, her privacy in the workplace. Employees have the right to go to work knowing that his or, her employer will not invade their privacy. The rights to privacy in the workplace only provide limited protection for workers against monitoring and breach of confidentiality. The National Work Rights Institute states, under the federal law, the limited protection the Electronic CommunicationRead MoreElectronic Communications Privacy Act ( Ecpa )1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) was a pretty progressive law at the time it was enacted. It enhanced the privacy protection that was originally delineated i n the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 by also adding communication protection for pagers, email, cell phones, service providers, and computer transmissions. The ECPA addressed the legal privacy issues that were surfacing with the rising use of networks, computers and other new innovations in electronic communicationsRead MoreInformation Technology Ethics - Privacy1698 Words   |  7 PagesPRIVACY †¢ Privacy has sometimes been described as: the right to be left alone, or the right to exercise control over one’s personal information, or a set of conditions necessary to protect our individual dignity and autonomy. †¢ Information Privacy- the way in which governments or organizations handle our personal information such as our age, address, sexual preference and so on. †¢ Financial Data – Personal financial data must be kept in its highest confidentiality in order to secure privateRead MoreThe Rights And Civil Liberties1558 Words   |  7 Pagesmade an attempt to ensure the privacy of citizens, technological advances have made that challenging. The use of technology by law enforcement has been around for centuries and has expanded extensively over the past two decades. Telephone tapping, CCTV, GPS tracking, â€Å"bugging†, eavesdropping, night vision, and computer surveillance are many forms of a type of search and seizure, known as electronic surveillance. Electronic surveillance is defined as â€Å"the use of electronic devices to monitor a person’sRead MoreShould Companies Have the Right to Monitor Employees’ E-Mails and Phone Conversations?1198 Words   |  5 PagesShould Companies Have The Right To Monitor Employees’ E-mails And Phone Conversations? Employees watch out when using communication, whether e-mail or phone, at work, you never know who may be listening. Should companies have the right to monitor employees’ e-mails and phone conversation? Most studies believe that they, employers, do have the right to monitor the e-mail and phone conversations of their employees, as long as they are notified of the fact. There is a tremendous amount of literatureRead MoreWiretapping And The Fourth Amendment Rights Of Criminals1559 Words   |  7 Pagescopies of every telegram sent in and out of the country. In 1945, a program called Project Shamrock was introduced. It copied all telegrams that were sent in and out of the country. It predated the NSA, which was created in 1952, and monitored the communications even of some american citizens. December 18, 1967, Katz v. United States In this case, Charles Katz, a sports bookie, had telephone booths that he frequented wiretapped. Based on evidence obtained through these phone booths, Katz was almost guaranteedRead MoreElectronic Surveillance and the Right to Privacy1025 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Outline: Electronic surveillance and the right to privacy Purpose: To inform the audience about electronic surveillance and the right to privacy Thesis: Electronic surveillance and the right to privacy is an increasingly controversial issue in modern American society. In this speech I will describe the technology, how employers and the government use the technology, and how the courts have interpreted the right to privacy. Organizational Pattern: Topical I. Introduction A. Attention Getter- IRead MoreBis 220 Introduction to Computer Applications and Systems /Complete Class1089 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology Acts Paper Select two of the following acts to research: †¢ Do Not Call Implementation Act, 2003 †¢ Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act, 2003 †¢ Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), 2002 †¢ Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (US Patriot Act), 2001, renewed 2006 †¢ Children’s Internet Protection Act, 2000 †¢ Financial Services Modernization Act, 1999 Read More Privacy in a Digital World Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesPrivacy in a Digital World The history of privacy in the United States is a storied one. The context of the 4 th Amendment to the Constitution has been debated for years to determine if the â€Å"right to privacy† is a constitutionally guaranteed right. Additionally, many people are technologically ignorant of what behaviors and activities will put them at risk. The â€Å"Carnivore† is a good example of an historic digital technology that generated privacy concerns. The Carnivore was a digital intelligence

Feminism and Emotional Liberation in Kate Chopins The...

Feminism and Emotional Liberation in The Awakening In our time, the idea of feminism is often portrayed as a modern one, dating back no further than the famous bra-burnings of the 1960s. Perhaps this is due to some unconscious tendency to assume that ones own time is the most enlightened in history. But this tendency is unfortunate, because it does not allow readers to see the precursors of modern ideas in older works. A prime example of this is Kate Chopins novel The Awakening, which explores the marital infidelities of a woman stuck in a loveless marriage as she searches for her purpose in life. In it, we see how an institutionalized union such as marriage is, almost by necessity, dispassionate, while forbidden†¦show more content†¦However, there is room for improvement in this definition. It seems to imply that the two sexes must necessarily be linked. Especially problematic is the implication that marriage is a necessary social institution, which clearly goes against the most basic tenets of feminism as we know it. The aspect of feminism that seems the most relevant, and that is the most prominent in Chopins novel, is the aspect dealing with feminine liberation. The novel paints the picture of a woman struggling to escape from the bonds of a male-dominated, patriarchal society. It is the idea thus embodied that Chopin gives us - not only the belief in gender equality, as stated above, but also the option of members of both sexes to be independent. Even if women and men are supposedly equal, social stigmas against being single would prevent a wife from leaving her husband or a husband from leaving his wife. Yet, as Chopin illustrates, it is precisely outside of the bonds of marital life that one begins to find something resembling true love. It is this aspect of feminism - the belief that females are able to and allowed to be separate from males - that we will investigate in this paper, as it is clearly Chopins type of feminism. We can begin examining feminism in Chopins novel by investigating her views on marriage. In painting the picture of a woman who finds happiness outside of marriage, she implicitly condones divorce or maritalShow MoreRelatedLeo Haines. Professor Capozzi. Research Paper. April 29,1518 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper April 29, 2017 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a famous author of short stories and articles. Kate was born on February 8, 1850, in St. Louis Missouri, and she grew up speaking English and French. After her husband has passed in 1882, and that is when her writing career launched. In most of her novels and stories her characters are bilingual, also known as fluent in two languages. Kate Chopin using the theme of feminism in her stories, â€Å"The Awakening†, â€Å"The Storm†, and â€Å"The Story ofRead MoreThe Co Existence Of Feminism And Naturalism1625 Words   |  7 PagesClaire Schenken Mr. Carroll English IV AP 20 October 2014 The Co-Existence of Feminism and Naturalism in The Awakening As the book that simultaneously killed Kate Chopin’s career and synthesized traditional literary features, such as romanticism, with their new opponents feminism and naturalism, The Awakening bares a weighted name. The Victorian-era setting in which it was also written can be greatly accredited to these ideas, as the influx of new ideas regarding society, gender roles, and humanRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1396 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s Liberation The subject of feminism has evolved into various complex theories. In addition, feminism has also been a heavily debated issue that has been around for numerous years. The argument of feminism is that women are, and always have been throughout history, treated differently than men by society. Therefore, women are being stripped down of opportunities to their benefit economically, socially, politically, and culturally. Since there are multiple theories on feminism, Donald Hall’sRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1483 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s Liberation This paper will not be able to cover the complexity of feminism as a whole since it has become a very broad subject. In addition, feminism has also been a heavily debated issue that has been around for numerous years. The argument of feminism is that women are, and always have been throughout history, treated differently than men by society. Therefore, women are being stripped down of opportunities to their benefit economically, socially, politically, culturally, and several moreRead MoreGender in Literature Essay2083 Words   |  9 Pageswithin the audience, ranging all over the emotional spectrum: from anger to shock to envy. Many authors, especially those who lived and wrote during times of repression of groups and urges for social change, wrote â€Å"outcast† characters that were shocking to the time. Kate Chopin and Sandra Cisneros, two authors from two separate eras of history, portray the main characters in their stories as outsiders within their respective environmen ts. In Chopin’s The Awakening (1899), Edna Pontellier struggles withRead More Kate Chopins Awakening - Edna Pontellier as Master of Her Destiny3367 Words   |  14 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Kate Chopins The Awakening, the main character, Edna leaves her husband to find place in the world. Edna believes her new sexually independent power will make her master of her own life. But, as Martin points out, she has overestimated her strength and is still hampered by her limited ability to direct her energy and to master her emotions (22). Unfortunately, Edna has been educated too much in the traditions of society and not enough in reason and independent survival, admittingRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes throughRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour 1274 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, especially in the late 1800’s. Women were believed to live a certain way, fulfill certain roles and duties in the household, and to be extremely fragile and weak. This type of culture still exists today but not to the extreme that it once was. Kate Chopin, however, not afraid speak out against the implications of society breaks free of the social norms of the 1800’s through her strong female characters. Specifically, in her short story, The Story of an Hour, Chopin captures quite the roller coasterRead MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pagesongoing inner world to fall back on . . . men do not become as emotionally important to women as women do to men (11)   This would carry into the late twentieth century Smith-Rosenberg s findings about eighteenth- and nineteenth-century women s emotional focus on women. E motionally important can of course refer to anger as well as to love, or to that intense mixture of the two often found in women s relationships with women: one aspect of what I have come to call the double-life of women (see

Medicare Benefits Schedule Item Statistics

Question: Discuss about the Medicare Benefits Schedule Item Statistics. Answer: Introduction: First, direct plagiarism results in copying of a whole sentence, paragraph or entire document. It is advisable to accurately quote the copied section and use of parenthesis on the section as Martin and Nakayama, 2013 assert to avoid word-for-word plagiarism. Secondly, self plagiarism can be prevented when a student first gets to understand what the author conveyed in his/her works then writes in his/her words though maintaining the meaning and flow of content. Again, as a student avoiding self plagiarism entails acknowledging your previous works in case you present it on another piece of work. Thirdly, to avoid collusion, it is considered wise to start your work by giving credit to the author's work. Then as you progress rely on your brain and experience to bring out the ideas that are accurate and original. In case you find mistakenly or intentionally borrowed words consider using synonyms as supported by Wilcox et al., 2015. Moreover, when working as a group it is wise to develop g ood listening skills and later produce a unique paper. Furthermore, to avoid accidental plagiarism directly or indirectly, it is advisable to put quotation marks around the term and mention the author's name (Wilcox et al., 2015). After proofreading ensure that as much as the sentences are coherent, they are different from the original text. Lastly, it is of significant value for people to develop good note-taking skills so as to embrace acknowledging another person's work. For instance, during lectures and tutorials recording important ideas by the author such as date of publication, year, the name of the author, and the name of publisher allow a student to indicate borrowed ideas in his/her writing. Echocardiography is a noninvasive ultrasound examination (Al-Kaisey et al., 2015). The review can take place in any room as it uses simple medical equipment such as the transducer, sonogram, and a computer. The procedure has less pre and post checkups as it is considered a simple practice. Echocardiography usually lasts for approximately forty minutes. During the examination, a dye is used to allow clear vision of the heart on the echo pictures. Also, a transducer is used during the test to record the low-frequency sound waves in the heart (Williamson et al., 2017). On the other hand, cardiac catheterization examination entails the use of a catheter inserted in the wrist or the groin and then guided to the heart (Fanaroff et al., 2015). Cardiac catheterization is quite a technical exercises with both pre and post checkups to prepare the patient for the examination and to avoid the occurrence of injuries. Pre checkups practices include measuring the blood pressure while post checkups include a bedrest of approximately one hour. Echocardiography Ultrasound examination takes less time as compared to cardiac catheterization. Also, the echocardiography examination is not painful as there is no injection. The use of the gel on the heart of the patient ensures no radiation remains in the body after the examination. Moreover, cardiac catheterization rendered hazardous to pregnant women due to the radiations and the injection on the groin or the wrist (Stub et al., 2015). That said, it is, therefore, possible to discern that it is safe to stand beside a patient undergoing echocardiography examination because the process is noninvasive and does not use ionizing radiations as contradicted to cardiac catheterization which makes use of X-rays to acquire pictures of the heart. The X-rays radiations from the imaging tests during cardiac catheterization may cause short-term and long-term health problems (Heiberg et al., 2016). Short term health deformities include changing the skin color on the exposed areas while long-term health problems include cancer (Heiberg et al., 2016). To avoid the X-rays, nurses have unique clothing and stand at designated locations during the examination. Moreover, a part from being harmless, echocardiography ultrasound examination involves the regulation of light brightness to being dim so as to obtain clear pictures of the heart. However, as much cardiac catheterization has clear view captured by the use of X-rays, it is considered harmful to the nurse or doctor standing beside the patient. Again, the catheter used may result in blood clotting in the artery hence calling for an operation to be performed to remove the clot. The greatest contrast between an urban hospital cardiology clinic and a rural cardiology clinic is the facilities and rates of admission and discharge (Falster et al., 2015). Most local cardiology hospitals such as the one in Northern Australia are small in size as compared to The Prince Charles Hospital Cardiology Unit which is a state of art cardiology unit (Falster et al., 2015). The rural cardiology clinics in Northern Australia records few Medicare discharges: approximately 1/3 of the total number as compared to a major hospital cardiology unit such as the cardiothoracic unit of the Royal Adelaide Hospital which records more than of the total Medicare discharges (Falster et al., 2015). Small suburban cardiology clinics account for less than 20% of the estimated $50 billion inpatient discharges due to less stay of Medicare discharges. Major hospital cardiology units are expected to account for 46% of the $50 billion inpatient discharges due to the longer stay in inpatient cardio logy units (Hart et al., 2015). Also, small rural cardiology clinics have a higher total release charges and ancillary charges per patient as compared to an urban cardiology unit which has a slightly low total discharge fees and incidental charges due to the substantial allocation of resources by the ministry of health. Another key thing to remember is that in most rural cardiology clinics the mortality rates are high as compared to major hospital cardiology units due to the efficiency in ambulance response (Falster et al., 2015). Recent studies indicate that in most rural cardiology clinics in Australia the death rate is higher than the recorded ratio in urban cardiology units due to ambulance response in the countryside being slow (Gudes et al., 2015). A report by the WHO indicated that most rural cardiology clinics act as a referral for the primary hospital cardiology units (Gudes et al., 2015). The idea is due to lack of modern equipment necessary for performing cardiac examinations such as the echocardiography ultrasound examination and cardiac catheterization lab angiogram examination in most local cardiology units. As much as the main difference lies in the state of facilities and discharge, it is also possible to have the gap between urban and rural cardiology units regarding insurance cover. Most major hospital cardiology units in Australia are accessed through the use of public health insurance policy while rural cardiology clinics allow access to medical services through the use of private health insurance. In comparison, both the major hospital cardiology units and small suburban cardiology units have qualified health professionals with a customer-oriented attitude. Besides, it is recorded that both urban and rural cardiology hospitals work hand in hand with the state and the federal government to combat heart-related problems (Falster et al., 2015). Moreover, both main hospital cardiology units and rural cardiology clinics are managed by the federal government either under private sector or public sector. Finally, both rural cardiology clinics in the northern Australia and the central urb an cardiology in Queensland have both in-patient and out-patient units. Medicare levy is the tax collected by the federal government through the state governments (Podger, 2014). The tax applies to all Australian citizens save for those who are earning low: where seniors and pensioners earning less than $21,000 and $33,000 are exempted (Podger, 2014). Moreover, there is a phasing-in range tax which affects seniors and pensioners earning up to $26,000 and $42,000 respectively. Also, the tax is imposed differently depending on the type and state of the family: single parents have a different levy scheme as compared to a family with both parents. Due to the growing need of funding and ensuring the disabled in society, the Medicare levy was increased from 1.5%-2% in the year 2014 (Podger, 2014).Notably, Podger, 2014 asserts that a Medicare Levy Surcharge abbreviated as the MLS was introduced to target people with high incomes to take on private hospitals with the use of private health insurance while those earning less to have public health insurance relevan t in public hospitals. What is more is that the move helped in decongesting the public health care system in Australia and allowed exploitation of resources in the private health industry. Medicare benefits schedule is a draft by the federal government to allow the provision of standardized medical services (Australia, 2014). The Medicare Benefits Schedule abbreviated as the MBS provides doctors, nurses, and pharmaceuticals with a range to charge their patients fairly. Recent studies indicate that the scheme is used in public health care systems by low-income citizens (Australia, 2014). The MBS covers up to 75% of hospital charges and allows room for hospital insurance policy to cater for the remaining 25%. However, due to different health insurance policies, doctors have different costs and at times some cost more making the patient dig deep in his/her pocket to pay the bills. Therefore, the latter has seen most health insurance covers designing gap cover' to allow health professionals to charge within affordable ranges (Australia, 2014). Medicare safety net is a refund provided by the health care system in liaison with the federal government to people who incur more than the expected medical costs (Searles et al., 2013). Medicare safety nets are of two types namely the original Medicare safety net and the extended Medicare safety net. The original Medicare safety net is a model mostly for the out-patient unit without health insurance cover, and it is increased annually (to 100%) after the standard threshold gap costs are met (Searles et al., 2013). The extended Medicare safety net is a package for health insurance for out-patients who have a refund of up to 80% after the average threshold gap costs are met (Searles et al., 2013). Interestingly, Searles et al., 2013 is of the opinion that the Australian health system amended a new Medicare safety net for the year 2015 to cover all out-of-hospital services such as private wing emergencies with a reduced Medicare of 150% less the original and extended MBS. The new Medic are safety net has a reasonable refund scheme for both native Australian and the foreigners. References Al?Kaisey, A., Jones, E., Nadurata, V., Farouque, O., De Silva, D., Ramchand, J. (2015). Appropriate use of echocardiography in an Australian regional center. Internal medicine journal, 45(11), 1128-1133. Amos, K. A. (2014). The ethics of scholarly publishing: exploring differences in plagiarism and duplicate publication across nations. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 102(2), 87-91. Anglil-Carter, S. (2014). Stolen language?: Plagiarism in writing. Routledge. Australia, M. (2014). Medicare benefits schedule (MBS) item statistics. Falster, M. O., Jorm, L. R., Douglas, K. A., Blyth, F. M., Elliott, R. F., Leyland, A. H. (2015). Sociodemographic and health characteristics, rather than primary care supply, are major drivers of geographic variation in preventable hospitalizations in Australia. Medical care, 53(5), 436-445. Fanaroff, A. C., Rymer, J. A., Goldstein, S. A., Simel, D. L., Newby, L. K. (2015). Does this patient with chest pain have the acute coronary syndrome?: The rational clinical examination systematic review. Jama, 314(18), 1955-1965. Gudes, O., Ball, S. J., Dur, F., Burke, M., Varhol, R. (2015). The Association between urban form and ischemic heart disease: evidence from Brisbane, Australia. Austin J Public Health Epidemiol, 2(1), 1014. Hart, J. L., Harhay, M. O., Gabler, N. B., Ratcliffe, S. J., Quill, C. M., Halpern, S. D. (2015). Variability among US intensive care units in managing the care of patients admitted with preexisting limits on life-sustaining therapies. JAMA internal medicine, 175(6), 1019-1026. Heiberg, J., El?Ansary, D., Royse, C. F., Royse, A. G., Alsaddique, A. A., Canty, D. J. (2016). Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography: a systematic review of feasibility and impact on diagnosis, management, and outcome after cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia, 71(10), 1210-1221. Martin, J. N., Nakayama, T. K. (2013). Experiencing Intercultural communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Podger, A. (2014). Making Medicare: the Politics of Universal Health Care in Australia. Searles, A., Doran, E., Faunce, T. A., Henry, D. (2013). The affordability of prescription medicines in Australia: are copayments and safety net thresholds too high. Australian Health Review, 37(1), 32-40. Stub, D., Bernard, S., Pellegrino, V., Smith, K., Walker, T., Sheldrake, J., ... Cameron, P. (2015). Refractory cardiac arrest treated with mechanical CPR, hypothermia, ECMO and early reperfusion (the CHEER trial). Resuscitation, 86, 88-94. Wilcox, D. L., Cameron, G. T., Reber, B. H. (2015). Public Relations: Strategies and tactics. A. Dodge (Ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. Williamson, J. P., Twaddell, S. H., Lee, Y. C., Salamonsen, M., Hew, M., Fielding, D., ... Grainge, C. (2017). Thoracic ultrasound recognition of competence: A position paper of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Respirology, 22(2), 405-408.

Accounting Theory Organization and the Mechanisms

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory for Organization and the Mechanisms. Answer: Introduction The present study presents a detailed analysis of the factors that drive the culture of the organization and the mechanisms, processes that can control and direct the operations of the organization with special orientation to the operations of Woolworths Limited. Woolworths Limited is publicly traded Australian corporation that has extensive retail operations across different parts of Australia as well as New Zealand. Woolworth Limited is the second largest business firm in Australia in terms of revenue and the second largest in New Zealand as well. The company operates primarily in the retailing industry across Australia, New Zealand and India in different divisions that include the Super markets, petrol, liquor, general merchandise, home improvement, hotels and gambling (Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016). In addition to this, the current study also analyses the governance structures that includes evaluation of the adherence to the rules and guidelines, analysis of the General Purpose Financial Reports for users of financial statements of Woolworths Limited. Furthermore, the current study also deals with the issues associated to remuneration structure, internal and external controls. Moreover, the present study also discusses the principles prudence and adherence to the conceptual framework of the financial reporting. Factors that drive the culture of Woolworths Limited Corporate Governance: Corporate governance refers to the specific approach of the board towards augmentation of the value of the shareholders and at the same time fortification of the funds of the shareholders. The management of the company Woolworths Limited intends to make it certain that the policies as well as practices in different critical zones of financial declarations, remunerations reports and corporate governance meet different requirements of high levels of disclosures and compliance (Deegan 2012). Woolworths Limited is publicly listed in the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and is required to apply different recommendations stated in the ASX Corporate Governance Councils principles and recommendations (AXS CGC). The corporation has assessed the present corporate governance procedures as well as practices that are essentially against the ASX Recommendations. The analysis of the corporate governance framework of Woolworths Limited reveals the fact that the company is entirely governed and c ontrolled by the board of directors who are selected by the shareholders (Healy and Palepu 2012). The company has established three different committees that include the Nomination Committee, Audit, Risk Management and Compliance Committee and People Policy Committee. A Board Charter presents the responsibilities of the board to aptly represent and at the same time serve the interests of all the shareholders of the corporation by way of overseeing and evaluating the stratagem, policy and performance of Woolworths Limited (Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016). Issues with the remuneration rate The board of the company Woolworths Limited established the remuneration committee People Policy Committee in order to make it certain that the level as well as composition of the Group Remuneration is appropriate and feasible and its association to the performance is understandable. The People Policy Committee complies with the requirements of the ASX Recommendations. The auditors report on the remuneration reveals the fact that the board of directors prepares and presents the remuneration report as per the section 30 A of the Corporation Act 2001 and the audit is primarily based on the Australian Auditing Standards (AAS). The remuneration report published during the year 2015 replicates the disappointing performance of the company and the subsequent results on the executive as well as employee remuneration. The performance of the company against the important metrics underpins the entire structure of the remuneration. The remuneration report shows a 0.1% growth in net profit after tax (NOPAT) associated to the previous year. The remuneration report also reflects the 0.7% decline in the earnings per share as compared to the previous year (Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016). The management of Woolworths Limited intends to link the pay structure of the firm with the performance. However, the company has no provision for short-term incentives. Again, there are certain awards associated to the historical financial presentation and historical retention rights (Horngren et al. 2012). The remuneration framework makes it certain that the structure and the governance of remuneration of the Woolworths Limited persists on supporting the overall attainment of particular business results that in turn can deliver value of the shareholder. The assessment of the remuneration structure offer strong foundation to work with sufficient flexibility to replicate alterations in strategy and to attract and at the same time retain the talents (Botzem 2012). In addition to this, the board as well as the senior executive group have a long-term association with the shareholders through different requirements of the shareholders. The analysis of the remuneration report also reveals the fact that the company failed to meet the short term incentive plan that happened to be the performance gateway of 4% growth of net profit after tax as compared to the year ago period. Analysis of the General Purpose Financial Reports for users to make financial reports Conceptual Framework As rightly put forward by Edwards (2013), the conceptual framework refers to the aim and objective of the financial reporting, qualitative nature and characteristics of different useful information. In addition to this, the conceptual structure also deals with the definition, recognition and measurement of different elements of the financial declarations, notions of capital and maintenance of capital. The primary aim of the general purpose financial reporting is to offer financial information regarding the reporting business entity (Miller and Power 2013). The financial information provided in the GPFR can help the potential financiers, lenders as well as other creditors in arriving at decisions concerning purchasing, selling and holding equity, debt instruments, offering loans as well as other forms of credit. However, these reports of Woolworths Limited do not offer all the important information that existent as well as potential investors, financiers and creditors require (Aasb.go v.au. 2016). The statements of Woolworths Limited also follow the requirements of the conceptual framework. The balance sheet reveals important information regarding the inventory, net investment in inventory, assets, intangible assets, net repayable debt, financial liabilities, and shareholders equity. The financial declarations declare the fact that the board have allowed final dividend of 72 c per share out of the total dividend of 139 c during the 2015. The dividend declarations prove to be important information for the shareholders of the company. The aim of the financial reporting is also to get a favourable credit rating. For example, both the SP and the Moodys modified the rating to a lower level as compared to the previous years figure (Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016). The users of the financial information can make use of the reports for arriving at decisions. The users can also assess the items as follows: Analysis of the inventory The closing inventory of the company Woolworths Limited increased 3.8% owing to the opening of new stores. The net investment in inventory declined $272.6 million due to the variances in the timing of payments of creditors. The inability to manage the inventory in the retail business of the Woolworths Limited might perhaps impair the competitive position of the company. Figure: Inventory (Source: Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016) Analysis of the accounts receivable, provision for bad debt and doubtful debt The company Woolworths presents the accounts receivables in the financial statements by including the amount of GST. The trade receivables were registered to be 1001.9 during 2015 and 965.2 in the year 2014. The trade receivables are primarily identified at fair value, enumerated at amortised cost by interest method after deduction of the allowance for impairment. The users of the financial information can analyse the data presented in the financial reports and assess the items to frame financial decisions. However, the financing cost of the company Woolworths Limited declined 2% in 2015 as compared to the year 2014 primarily due to the savings in the interest out of repayment of the debts, offset by lower capitalized interest (Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016). The net repayable debt declined to $3067.3 million made possible owing to the proceeds from the sale of property and investment. Analysis of the plant, property and equipment The plant, property and equipment of the company is essentially enumerated at cost after deduction of the accumulated depreciation and amortisation and accumulated loss of impairment (DRURY 2013). The management of the company Woolworths Limited made investments amounting to $1535.3 for the plant, property and equipments as the company opened many new stores and the refurbished many existing retail stores, purchased many new merchandising systems and different supply chain initiative. Figure 1: Balance Sheet (Source: Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016) Analysis of depreciation methods The depreciation method that the management of the company Woolworths Limited is currently for the assets is the straight-line method over an economic time. The annual report published by the company Woolworths Limited reveals the fact that the useful lives of the plant, property and equipment is 2.5 years to 10 years (Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016). Analysis of the liabilities The analysis of the consolidated financial reports of the company Woolworths Limited reveals the fact that the company has the total liabilities of $1236.3 million. The liabilities that are not anticipated to be settled within 12 months are essentially enumerated at the normal value by utilizing the remuneration rate that is again anticipated to be implemented during the time of settlement. The liabilities that are not anticipated to be settled within 12 months can be enumerated at the present value of the assessed future cash outflows in respect of different services provided by different members of the staff of the organization (Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016). Treatment of leases The financial reports of the company Woolworths Limited reveals the fact that the leases can be classified as finance leases where the contracts specified in the lease helps in transferring the risks as well as rewards associated to ownerships to the particular lessee (Kang and Gray 2013). Analysis of the process of reporting revenue in the financial reports of Woolworths Limited: The operating revenue of the Woolworths Limited is registered to be $60868 million. However, the revenue of the company is measured at fair value based on different consideration that can be received based on meeting the criteria for recognition. The revenue is identified net of returns as well as discounts (Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016). Prudence The above concept is also known as conservatism principle and is one of the accounting principles that requires particular accountant in recording of liabilities as well as expenses for realization purpose (Alexander 2013). This particular concept requires accountants in remaining cautious in adopting policies as well as estimations in income assets and overstatement of entity expenses. Conceptual Framework Preparation of financial statements contends with uncertainties and surrounding facts regarding events as well as circumstances like collectability of doubtful receivables, useful life of fixed assets such as Plant and Equipment. These uncertainties recognizes by corporate disclosures in exercising prudence for conceptual framework (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2013). Prudence is the concept inclusive of degree of caution for exercising over the judgements for level of uncertainty (Rahman 2013). Process for updating the conceptual framework Updating or developing conceptual framework, IASB removes reference from the basic concept of Prudence. This mainly explains prudence exclusion important aspects for faithful representation such as reference to Prudence (Henderson et al. 2015). Advantages and disadvantages of on financial reporting Advantages include reference to prudence in conceptual framework that brings consistency of information and neutrality of actions (Chalmers et al. 2012). Even after prohibitions in and against deliberative misstatement, it appears in the 2010 conceptual framework. One of the disadvantages involves biasness affecting financial performance in later periods. Conclusion The investors can analyse different items presented in the financial reports of the corporation Woolworths Limited. The disclosure policy of the Woolworths Limited essentially complies with the Corporation Act 2001 and ASX Listing Rules. The continuous disclosure policy of the company can thereby promote the confidence of the investors towards both the integrity as well as the securities. The inventory of the company has also increased due to the increase in the establishment of new stores. Therefore, the investors can analyse the efficiency of the company in converting the inventory of the company into sales before arriving at decisions. Again, the investors are also aware of the investments of the company towards the plant, property and equipment of the corporation. The investments in the plant, property and equipment has initially caused outflow of cash but can help the company to generate profit in the future period (Glaum et al. 2013). This can boost the sentiments of the invest ors positively. References Aasb.gov.au. (2016).Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Alexander, D., 2013.Financial reporting: the theoretical and regulatory framework. Springer. Botzem, S., 2012.The politics of accounting regulation: Organizing transnational standard setting in financial reporting. Edward Elgar Publishing. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Chalmers, K., Godfrey, J.M. and Lynch, B., 2012. Regulatory theory insights into the past, present and future of general purpose water accounting standard setting.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,25(6), pp.1001-1024. Deegan, C., 2012.Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Edwards, J.R., 2013.A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Glaum, M., Baetge, J., Grothe, A. and Oberdrster, T., 2013. Introduction of International Accounting Standards, disclosure quality and accuracy of analysts' earnings forecasts.European Accounting Review,22(1), pp.79-116. Healy, P.M. and Palepu, K.G., 2012.Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Horngren, C., Harrison, W., Oliver, S., Best, P., Fraser, D. and Tan, R., 2012.Financial Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kang, H. and Gray, S.J., 2013. Segment reporting practices in Australia: Has IFRS 8 made a difference?.Australian Accounting Review,23(3), pp.232-243. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.557-605. Rahman, A.R., 2013.The Australian Accounting Standards Review Board (RLE Accounting): The Establishment of Its Participative Review Process. Routledge. Woolworthslimited.com.au. (2016).Quality Brands and Trusted Retailing - Woolworths Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016].