Analytic Report about Disaster Recovery Plans in corporations Essay

Analytic Report about disaster Recovery Plans in corporations - Essay utilizationThis essay aims at detailing the steps that have been taken and those that should be taken to safeguard against much(prenominal) eventualities.Disasters can be manmade or naturally occurring like earthquakes and those arising from technological issues (Sundar et al. 119). According to Sundar, the objectives of sustainable development atomic number 18 to improve the natural strengths of all agencies, including the society, in addressing disastrous situations. The attainment of this objective requires sustained initiatives, which entails economic, social, and infrastructure issues (Sundar et al. 119). Disasters involving engineering are the ones that have the most direct effect on humans at a individual(prenominal) level. Disasters involving nuclear technology have long-lasting negative repercussions on the health of people ranging from cancer and maiming disabilities produced by mutations caused by ra diation. For example, the Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster killed dozens of people, and its effects are still present today.Disaster management is defined as an applied science, which seeks to advance regulations regarding relating to mitigation, emergency, prevention, preparedness, recovery, and response through systematic observation and synopsis of disasters (Sundar et al. 84). The corporate sector is a substantial body that includes those that produce goods and services for the sole purpose of do a profit. Disasters jeopardize this main objective, and it is paramount that corporations put up mechanisms to mitigate the impact caused by disasters.Corporations police squad up with insurance companies to shield their entities from losses occasioned by the occurrence of natural disasters. There is an increasing mental image shift by corporations moving from enactment of disaster response policies to executing pro-active policies aimed at preventing disasters. They insure

Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age Essay

Should the inebriation term be lowered from 21 to a younger age - Essay ExampleAs a highly controversial issue, it has both positive and negative sides if the inebriation age is lowered. Researches have documented the item that alcohol abuse is the one of the major problems among the adults. It has paved the way for various problems such as increase of alcohol related crime and antisocial activities, traffic violation resulting in accidents, health problems, socio-economic disturbance etc. Lowering of drinking age is acceptable only under strict legal supervisions. The problem in the main relate to adult people who are subjected to crucial physiological and psychological changes. Lowering of minimum drinking age from 21 to younger age will entail severe social and health problems among the juvenility and it needs effective legal monitoring to ensure its positive results.While in any former(a) issue, in the context of lowering of drinking age also there are two groups of peopl e. sensation group supports the lowering of drinking age from 21 and the other who does not want to lower this age. to each one of these groups has their own opinion to support their stand and to oppose the other view.Even at this stage, when the legal drinking age is 21, teenagers do drink under less restricted surroundings causing them to indulge in life threatening behaviors. The age of 18 bring youngsters the civil rights and entitle them to vote, get wedded, sign bonds, inwardness the armed forces, etc. which show their accountability towards their life and death. So, this age is important for them to make their own decisions regarding drinking habits also. Richard Wilson and Cheryl A. Kolander comment that This movement was also supported by the state of the art in prevention at that time, which suggested that keeping alcohol consumption forbidden to those younger than age 21 created an aura of forbidden production that made alcohol even more appealing as a symbol of adult hood and created such(prenominal) more destructive drinking practices on the part of the

Teen Sex Trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teen Sex Trafficking - Essay ExampleAccording to an article published by the San Francisco Chronicle, the unify States of America is one of the top three countries in this world that engages in the trafficking of young girls for sex (May). This is push through-of-pocket to the fact that the country is affluent, and this affluence is the tool that the pimps use to entice the girls into coming into the country to perform as sex slaves. Most of the time, these girls live in places where the government is corrupt, the families argon suffering from starvation and poverty, and life is gloomy. hard to make things better for themselves, these girls search for jobs in the wanted ads. May states in her article that these ads ar of stewardess and waitressing positions in the United States. Excited that they are going to be able to be saved from a life in poverty and have an opportunity to live in a country that is skilful of wealth, these girls quickly respond. It is only when they arriv e that they find out that they have been tricked. Then, it is much too late. There is no escape for them, as their captors keep them locked up in their place of business. Their captors instill tremendous fear in them, so they will not even think of escaping (May). San Diego New 6 states that these pimps take things a gradation further by destroying their identity documents and telling them that if they try to escape, their families back home will be kill (San Diego 6).Sex trafficking does not only involve girls that are foreigners, it also involves those who are born and raised on our home soil. One might wonder how these girls are tricked into sexual slavery, since this country is not in the like condition as those of the third world. These pimps have different tactics. An ABC News report tells us that predators go wherever the children are, whether it is at the mall, the beach, or any other place that is frequented by young people. These men are so obsessed with targeting young girls that they spend time keeping up with modern trends so as to appear cool, as well as to stay up to date on all the heated hangout spots. These predators study children so much that they are able to read them and know all of their weaknesses. or so are even turnedered fraudulent opportunities of modeling that are promised to pay good wages (ABC News). Like the women in the third world countries who jump for the chance to come to America to make a fruitful vivacious and enjoy affluence, these domestic women are enticed by the money that they will receive through modeling off top-of-the-line clothes. And just like the women overseas, they, too, are tricked and can do nothing about it, as they find out when it is too late to do anything. And because the sex slavery operation is so well hidden, many of them are never rescued from their plights.One might wonder why these teen girls continue to suffer this porcine injustice and why little seems to be done about the matter. One mi ght even indicate that since we are in a developed nation, crimes such as these should be minimal. Sadly, they are not, and little aegis is offered to these youngsters. One article from the Tampa Tribune explains why law enforcement does not protect these teen prostitutes as much as they should. The article states that rather than viewing these girls as victims, they are viewed as criminals who have chosen to have a complete disregard for the laws against prostitution. Social workers make the problem even worse. Rather than trying to understand these

Comparing two emperors, one Chinese and one Roman Essay

equivalence two emperors, one Chinese and one Roman - Essay ExampleThe Roman Empire began virtually 1000BCE and its power began from ruling the ancient villages around the city of Rome. In its earlier years of formation the conglomerate was a monarchy but after(prenominal) the overthrowing of Etruscans in 509 BCE the empire turned to a republic and the Romans started their tyrant rules and governance. This hear will cover only the rule of Julius Caesar since this was the backbone of the success of the empire. The Roman Empire headquarters were in Rome and when Julius Caesar was in power, it conquered parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. It became one of the largest empires in history . The Han China Empire came to power after overthrowing the Qin whose reign was short lived. Qin had abolished feudalism and thus overthrown by Han who ruled from 140-87 BCE. The ruler of the Han was known as Wu Ti . Unlike the Roman Empire the Han Empire did not start as a monarchy since there were ma gistrate-rule who ensured who was to be the ruler. There are similarities between Han and Roman Empires in the essence of size of the empire and the acquirement of add to enlarge their empires. Han Empire used his power in the formation of a unified China, then started pickings over the neighboring locations. The difference of the growth and acquisition of more land was not as untamed as that used by the Romans. The growth of the Roman Empire was based on conquering each empire that was beginning to gain power and seemed as a threat to the Roman Empire. This is contrary in comparison of the Han Empire.

Personal Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal pay - Assignment ExampleFor example, if demand for properties has g one up lately, hence mortgage rates will amplification then. With the fixed rate deal, she could avoid much(prenominal) a risk. However, if she plans to repay the borrowed money faster than 2 years, which center short term financing hence other financing opportunities may pretend lower costs. such(prenominal) as taking bank overdrafts (i.e. 5.90% at Alliance & Leicester Premier Direct1)or barter credits trade credits is an available option if she borrows between 30 to 90 days and its profitable for Jane since it does not complicate any fire charges. However, she must have a good credit record. Additionally, since the globalisation, deregulation of financial markets as well as technological advancements, customers around the world have now easier access to obtain finance around the world which offers Jane an opportunity to choose the lowest rate possible.A good credit register enables Jane to r each (prenominal) a larger amount of financing opportunities. As illustrated above, trade credit does not involve any interest rates however the customer should keep a good credit record. To train a good credit history, Jane should control her payments such as ensuring that debts are paid by their collectable date, etceteraJane should gain information of the level of control of the lender. ... Both Annie and Gareth acquire a 10,000 lump sum. If they each put the 10,000 into a savings account paying 6% AER gross for one year, how much sack up interest would each of them receive after one year (50 words))6% of punt Sterling 10,000= pound sign Sterling 600Tax is 20% on interest payableSo, Pound Sterling 600-20%(Pound Sterling 120) = Pound Sterling 480Hence, the net interest rate is 4.8%.If the inflation rate had been 3.5% over the year, what would be the real quantify of both Annies and Gareths total savings after one year (60 words)Real value equals to nominal interest rates minus i nflation rate4.8% - 3.5= 1.3%10,000+1.3%= 10,13010,130 x 2= 20,260 (both Annie and Gareth)Annie is considering using her 10,000 to purchase shares in a large blue-chip company instead, with the idea that she would sell the shares after one year in revisal to purchase a car. Briefly outline the key factors that Annie should think about before making such an equity based investment.She should research about the company first. The risk involved of investing on that point, such as examining the companys financial performance, such as its balance sheet, cash flow, revenue statement, etc. How long the company has been established, is there any negative publicity, etc. These points assist Jane to avoid the risk of loosing her funds. She should also identify other opportunities, such as other companies which would be more profitable to invest in, such as established companies i.e. Apple, Sony, etc. Additionally, she could also use her 10,000 to establish her own little business or join a partnership, etc depending which one is more profitable and involves less risk.Moreover, she should also consider the flexibility of the company. Some companies require investors

I will proved topic tomorrow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I will proved topic tomorrow - Essay voiceHobbes on the other hand, assumed that the great unwashed are the same with regard to their mental and physical characteristics and that wizard is responsible for controlling personal behavior. In addition, he said that people differ in some(prenominal) physical and mental capability. For instance, another through mental skills can overpower an individual with physical strength. Therefore, people are guided by societal norms and guidance to be be lived lessonly upright.However, the two thinkers cannot be considered moral egoists. For instance, the meaning of pleasure contradicts with the definition of Epicurus. Pleasure is every persons first and kindred good, it is the get-go point of every choice and of every aversion the statement means that searching for pleasure and sprightliness a dulcet life occurs naturally. Every individual has a right to live a pleasant life. Therefore, the behavior of a person should be controlled and should not only fulfill personal pleasures but overly respect other people happiness (Shaw & Barry, 2004, 18).Epicurus does not however receive entire judgment as being a free thinker that is not egoistic. It is important to understand the fact that many books have termed him egoistic and many contemporary philosophers. The fact that he states that all actions are ethical does not crack cocaine him full moon credit as being liberal. If people acted out of their own interests without caring about the specify of others, the world would not be a so comfortable place. This would lead to a world full of selfish acts where people consequently carry out their actions just to please one. For example, a person who takes up an activity knowing very well that the result would harm the neighbor or someone else and salve carries on with it shows moral egoism.According to Epicurus, the state in which the human mind operates does not always support him to have moral justification in the carrying o ut of several acts. It is basic ethics to understand that

Early Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Early tikeishness - Essay Example check to Montessori, the development of articulate speech occurs between the mounts 2 and five --- the age of perception in which the attention of the child is spontaneously directed to external objects and the memory is particularly attentive (Montessori, Chapter 18, 2004). Montessori said that there be four stages in the language development which atomic number 18 the auditory or listening, oral, manual and interpretive (reading). She also introduced the concept of radiosensitive flow rates which are critical for a childs development. The sensitive block is that period in a childs development whereby he is unconsciously aware that a certain skill is to be learned at that period. It is the time when a someone has the best opportunity to learn something. Examples of the sensitive periods in a childs environment are the sensitivity to movement, sensitivity to order, sensitivity to language and sensitivity to sensory impressions. aesthesia to movement occurs at ages two to four. This is the time when the child moves around in order to learn about his environment. Practical life exercises are affaird in Montessori schools during this sensitive period. Practical life exercises is one of the four areas of the Montessori prepared environment. This area resembles the nominate at home such as washing the dishes or sweeping the floor. The teacher introduces the name of the act while the movement is being performed. Social grace and courtesy activities are introduced such as the use of May I or Can I. Language skills are further developed from these applicative life activities. Sensitivity to order also occurs at the same time as the sensitivity to movement. Sensitivity relates to spatial, social, sensory and temporal. Children at this age become to a greater extent aware of the order in time and space. According to Montessori at this stage, order becomes the childs foundation to make sense of his environment. Another ca rdinal sensitive period is that of the sensitivity to language which is one of the longest-lasting sensitive periods which starts at age three to six. After this period the rate of absorption for new words will never be the same again. The child becomes attracted to serviceman sounds which drive him to speak his native language. After age six, the sensitive period for language weakens and the child thus moves on to grammar work as he improves his reading skills. The sensitivity to sensory impression is another period in a childs development. This is when the child becomes interested in his environment and wants to learn more about it. This need is answered by Montessoris sensorial training where the senses are being developed and refined. An important method used in learn language in Montessori schools is the Three boundary Lesson which is a teaching technique used to give formal vocabulary lessons. Language is given after experience of that which is to be named. The three perio ds support the three stages of learning. The First Period (Naming) is an introduction of the names to be learned by presenting names that are nouns using food coloring tablets. The colour tablets which were used in the sensorial training of the child are also used in this activity. The first step is to lay the primary colors in a row in front of the child. One color is isolated and the teacher says the name of the color after which the child is encouraged to say the same. The same procedure is repeated for the other colors. The Second Period (Recognition) is the practice of

The Stamp Act The Coming of the American Revolution Essay

The Stamp Act The Coming of the American Revolution - Essay eventResistance in any case increasingly arose when the British attempted to raise more revenue from the colonialists.The unity of the colonies in violence against the British increased as they resisted the colonial ideas of raising more revenue from taxes. Violence get under ones skin regular and eventually the now united colonies voiced their grievances from a central legislature. This resistance led to rise that consequently led to war (Williams 120). The colonialists formed a internal congress through which they expanded their confusion against Great Britain. The result of such unity was the creation of the colonial military that fought to see declaration of independency in 1776 to establish the United States of America.The British underestimated the political consensus existing among the colonialists about the essence of republican government. They also underestimated the ability of the colonialists to organize an d inform one another and work together to build bounds of national community. This ignorance boosted the American rebellion since they organized themselves across the different regions, ethnics and economic conditions (Williams 234). The colonials used newspapers, committees, pamphlets, group protests and community organizations to weaken their shared concerns and to foster a new American identity of independence against the British.Communities must not bonny be local to form a nation. There can be national, regional or outside(a) communities that form a nation. This is the philosophy the binds the United States of America as a nation. This was the message that saw the acknowledgment of an American dream to move away from the British Empire to declare their independence (Great Britain public records dresser

Db1 managing high performance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db1 managing high performance - Research Paper ExampleI prefer the free reign type of leadership to the autocratic. Free reign leadership style is motivational to employees, and it gives them elbow room to exchange ideas within themselves and even work towards the same goal. Autocratic does not give the employees room to participate in the decision-making process, exercising of individual leadership styles hence influencing negatively on worker talents and skills (Gino, 2013). tour working with Digg Company, I observed the management styles employed by the company director, Mr. Willy to be laissez-Faire. Mr. Willy delegated duties, responsibilities coup lead with enough authority to his junior staff, gave them room to take part in the decision-making process, and without strict supervision. It helped the company meet its direct goals within the period employees felt encouraged and motivated. On the contrary, Mrs. Helena, the sales representative of Frontier Marketers Company, wher e I started my career, designed an autocratic style that did not achieve success (Benincasa, 2012). She harshly directed her employees, fired and hired without warning. It led to employees feeling inferior, could not contribute much to organizations development, and soon losses struck the company.Benincasa, R. (2012, JUNE). 6 Leadership Styles, And When You Should Use Them. Retrieved OCT 8, 2014, from FC leadership http//www.fastcompany.com/1838481/6-leadership-styles-and-when-you-should-use-themNayab, N. (2011, SEPT 28). Examples of Companies with Autocratic Leadership. Retrieved OCT 8, 2014, from Bride Hub Project Managment

Media audiences embody the fears and fantasies of their social Research Paper

Media audiences embody the fears and fantasies of their social context. - using The lust Games (dir. Ross, 2012) - Research Paper fontConversely, the media does non contain relevant information alone, but contains a lot of harmful content that incur the audience uncontrollably lost. The Hunger Games does not play to the knowledge of the extent of playing to the unseen eyes. The painting seeks to entertain, or explore on any value that an individual may derive from watching the film, level off if it means data for marketing purposes. The film brings out a metaphoric sense, which is resonant enough to assimilate me accept the surveillance pleasures. This is in line with the Hunger Games focus in enhancing organization in the lodge (Ross Film).The hunger Games film, is designed in a manner that appeals to everyone else, especially the teenagers, who considers it a source of entertainment by living with pressure, which is unavoidable of being scrutinized. Constant surveillance va lue-seeking behavior is explored in the film, as its effects germ out clearly. The constant value seeking surveillance influences behavior of the characters because they are obsessed with fact that former(a) people derive something from the actions we undertake. The unseen eye influences behavior of the actors whose focus is based on entertaining the viewers. The Hunger Games indicates that the media is normally on purpose when it misses the point universally (Ross Film).Ideally, the media has been very relevant in enhancing communication. Through media, individuals whose voices could not be heard for specific reasons are now heard. Additionally, the individuals who oppressed others can now be categorically identified and prosecuted. The media has been influential for various cultures where many individuals have assimilated and adopted cultures that they observe on the media. Newer resources and facilities have resulted from the media as the media now acts as a tool for creating aw areness as well as for providing education for the globe and the audiences (Bury 3).The Hunger Games is broadcast and the viewers get riveted to

Specification and Design Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Specification and Design - Dissertation ExampleFor instance umbrage scenes where a person had been shot, when the medics arrive, they had to wait for the police before they could save the individual, therefore the sponsors found the need for a communication system where the information from an want scene would reach all the people involved in the emergency simultaneously. The aim of the project, therefore, is to create a communication system where information that originated from a scene of emergency would reach all the people involved at the same time, therefore, hasten the pace of response. In this project, the termination that would enable the integration of all the people involved in response in one shoot the breeze would be the use of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). In designing the VoIP, a parcel lead be designed that allow for enable a victim of an emergency to communicate with some(prenominal) departments that are responsible for responding to a certain emergenc y. The software product will be designed in such a way that for instance when it is a fire emergency, the relevant personnel will be notified which will be different from the case of a crime scene. This will be enabled by the programming which when a person chooses the type of an emergency, the software will direct the calls to the specific departments that are responsible to respond to the emergency. thither will be no major modifications, however, due to the sophistication of crime and to avoid tampering of the software by criminals, the security protocol of the software will be improved to match the best practices in the communication sector. Literature survey With the current paces in technology where there is the increasing number of serve up that is available over a wire and wireless connections, the technology is changing from narrowband such as telephones over wires to the wideband where the services that previously used the narrowband would migrate and use the wideband. A ccording to Bonometti article, competitive business advantages in the era of unified super convergence digital convergence will expand by entailing the following. modify evenness in information flow between the cable and cable-less communication technologies, which will be the aftermath of changes in cable-less technology, standards and protocol. Real dependence between gadgets, platforms and the multimedia types that they support. The third thing that digital convergence will entail is the intelligence functions such as the semantic web and some other machine-establish interactions and embedded applications that enable glut searches in rich media (Bonometti, 2009, p 248-257). A study by William and Russell on Huawei, which is a technology firm, based in China where it has always been believed that the country is the greatest copier of technologies that have been developed by other countries. In this study, they found out that despite Huawei being a global leader in the cooking of Softswitch platform that is used in VoIP, it has been involved in developing of technologies in the next generation networks (NGN) that depict for the multimedia solution across different platforms such as mobile phones, landlines, and television sets. The article Customized executive director Learning a Business Model for the Twenty-First Century by Jamie Anderson and Gert-Jan.

AUDITING AND ASSURANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

AUDITING AND ASSURANCE - stress Example jurisprudence and the Auditing Profession in the UK According to the True and Fair Organisation (2012), the analyse transaction in the UK is monitored closely, and regulated tightly in accordance with strict professional standards and legislation. Also, companies and individuals who breach any of the rules, adumbrate by Legislation, will face strict penalties. The audit profession is under the Legislation furnish of the UK Government. The governing body controls the audit profession through Legislation such as the Companies Act on Audit, Inspection and alliance Enterprise of 2004 and 2006 (True and Fair Organisation, 2012). There are also the Auditors Regulations of 2007, which control the activities of the Audit profession in the UK. This Legislation controls and monitors how audits are carried out in the UK. Legislation regulates the auditing profession in the UK, under the Companies Act 2006 (Collings, 2013, p. 237). Therefore, it is a requirement that professional accountants should attain a senior statutory auditor position for them to be able to behave audit-related work in the UK. Further, UK Legislation requires that companies must have their annual financial statements audited. Auditors are required by fair play to follow ISA (UK and Ireland) 700 in the formation of an auditors report on financial statements, as issued by the Financial Reporting Council. prevalent righteousness versus Auditing Profession in the UK The UK court system has taken responsibility of safeguarding shareholders, who are termed as third parties, from fraudulent activities of company directors, in collaboration with auditors and audit firms. Therefore, it acts as a quality-control mechanism for the auditing profession (Johnstone, Gramling, & Rittenberg, 2013, p.14). Common Law requires that auditors should observe care of professional advice to avoid violating the provisions of the civil law of negligence (Davies, 2011, p. 7) . Auditors should also observe their duty of care diligently, while performing audit work because the UK Legal System is based on Common Law (Davies, 2011, p. 7). Company directors have the responsibility of preparing financial statements that should present a true and fair value of the organisation. Therefore, they contribute to the outcome of audit processes in one way or the other. The ordinary may sue auditors and auditing firms under state statutes and Common Law for substandard audit work (Johnstone, Gramling, & Rittenberg, 2013, p. 14). The public, in this case, comprises of shareholders and other investors who may rely on the information provided by company directors and auditors to make financial decisions. In some circumstances, according to Common Law, disclosure may be justified in the public interest where there is no instance of noncompliance with Law regulations. For instance, where the public is being misled or the publics interests are being damaged by auditors act ivities (FRC, 2013, p. 17). Therefore, Common Law controls the audit profession in the UK in that, it requires auditors to comply with the provisions of Common Law. Auditors and audit firms, who violate Common Law provisions, can be sued under Common Law by third parties. Regulatory and master key Elements versus Auditing Profession in the UK Various independent Regulatory and Professional bodies have been created to control the auditing profession in the UK. The Regulatory and Pr

Critically Evaluate the Positivist Claims For Validity of Legal Rules Essay

Critically Evaluate the Positivist Claims For Validity of Legal Rules - Essay physical exertionThis essay stresses that the f represent is that laws/ reins are much to a greater extent resilient than the various theorists would suggest. Actual life is more complex than the models that they put forward. For example, in most countries speeding laws are routinely ignored by the broad majority of the population. If the speed limit is 70 mph nearly all cars in the middle and ready lane give be going faster. Cars may be traveling at 80mph besides will probably not be going at 100 mph. There is an unwritten (but well understood) rule that the police will not stop you if you are going at 75 or 80, but will if you are going at 100. This paper makes a conclusion that while laws must, by their real nature, be absolute an act is either legal or illegal, a contract is either hold fast or non-binding the rules of society are more flexible. They relate to the laws, and often influence how fa r laws are obeyed (or otherwise) and act as the glue that allows a society to be both flexible and stable. If laws become too hostile from the rules that society is developing they either become irrelevant (and are thus ignored) or are changed. This description of the relationship between rules and laws is in fact positivist in nature as their relationship is authorize by the common adherence of the population to them. The rule is that speeding at 80 is acceptable, but not at 100. The law needs to set an exact figure, and it provides a territory for the rule to work within.

The Difference between the Schools of United States of America and Essay

The Difference between the Schools of United States of America and Europe - audition Example2). Most private schools consist of 90% which offered at least elementary grades. Of the said part 61 % offered of elementary grades and the other 30% offer a combination of elementary and secondary grades. The remain 9% offer only secondary direct education. They emphasized a regular elementary and secondary program. For private school, a school year consists of 180 days and 6.7 hours. Most students were enrolled in the Catholic schools. in that location atomic number 18 1000 schools located in different states and these are the California, Florida, Illnois, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas. In each of these states on that point were 250,000 students enrolled in private schools (Broughman, 2006, p. 2). United States also offer throw in the towel school. The aim of free school is to allow English education. The social condition of England and U.S. is rendered in an extreme condition of useless comparison. The countries are forced to conjugation international competition. Not withstanding the difference exists in the circumstances of each country. The principle has been borrowed in England and used as a foundation of Education System. The most popular school nowadays is English school horizontal though it is exotic in England for being free. The American made a common school for free education which became popular and successful institution in the country (Adams, 1969, p.5). The education transcriptions in Europe are rooted by traditions and features. Education is strengthened through economic, social, and cultural change which is needed by the form _or_ system of government makers, business leaders, and scholars to learn more about the characteristics of the education system. In European states there are some(prenominal) reasons for their growing interest. First, the enlargement of European Union (EU), the increasing relevance of international school and s tudent perspicacity studies and finally the growing internalization of education and educational studies within the overall process of globalization (Horner, 2007, p. 1). In Europe, pupils who are attending private primary schools seem to achieve higher level than those who attends in universe school. The education system in Europe depends on the age that children start and compulsory education, the time children played out in school in these countries, the class size and the content of the countries curriculum and finally the use of examinations and examination the country (Euridice, 2001). The administration of education system in Europe that the Spanish Constitution gave a raw(a) decentralized state, they established a sharing of powers between the State administration and the Autonomous Communities. This decentralized system gives power to the State, Autonomous Communities, Local Authorities and eventually the school. The State has a power for a guaranteed normalization and u nity for education. The education in Europe is compulsory for aged 6- 16 of years, which is divided into both educational levels. The first level is composed of the five stages, the first three for primary education and the other two for lower secondary level. In Europe to enter the Primary Education you must be 6 years old. For admission the factors to be examined include the family income to determine if they can pay enough for the finance needed. other(a) factors include catchment area, and siblings at the school. For the school days, there are 180 days at primary level and 175 days at secondary level, it is

Should animals be use for medical research Annotated Bibliography

Should animals be use for medical look for - Annotated Bibliography ExampleIn this book, the author seeks to present forward that even though animals suffer, they have no moral entitlement. The fact that they do not also value their lives, their lives have no intrinsic value which makes it better to use them for experimentation than how we would use human beings.The book helps in outset up the moot and showing where the different perspectives that are posited on this issue. It is therefore an important book to the take by providing perspectives on both sides of the debate.The article could be useful to the topic on whether animals should be utilize for medical research. It shows the inhumane treatment of these animals thus showing us how it is important that this process should be put to a halt.The article talks about the latest events in the U.S whereby the use of Chimpanzees in conducting medical tests whitethorn be put to a halt. According to this article the Great Ape Prote ction and Cost nest egg Act that is now in the congress seeks to impose a ban on the invasive research performed on all great apes.This article in truth helps to show that trends in the long going debate about the use of animals in medical research are almost being concluded. This article is actually important to this topic because it shows that the world is now coming to accept the fact that animals are not sibylline to be used for medical research.While it is recognized that medical research has taken it to greater high in the tremendous changes it has made in human beings life through creation of drugs and vaccines as considerably as medical practices, there are people who still feel that it should be stopped. This book helps to construe these controversies and acts as a response to those against the use of animals in

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Assignment ExampleThis transition of accommodation is known as Homeostasis. All living things respond to a stimulus that is a assumption force or energy form. This energy is formed though a combination of sunlight and chemical energy. The whole process involves chemical energy that in turn lead to certain reactions. This can be related or hu creation body can be used as specimen. As man continues with his struggle of maintaining diet, vitamins have remained one of the darlings that he invariably seeks. The scientists have considered vitamins as having relatively equal importance, to that of carbohydrates and proteins, in maintaining the living of man. Its importance led the scientist into studying deeply what the vitamins may comprise. This leads to the categorization of the vitamins into types depending on how they contribute to the emotional state of man. Among the categories included vitamin c also known as ascorbic acid. The characteristics of the ascorbic acid, as a compou nd, contribute to its uses in the life of man. Some of the known characteristics include less stable, soluble in water, only slightly stable in acids and presence potent. Human or nature contributes to the sources of the ascorbic acid in the daily life activities. ... The following is the twist of vitamin C Ascorbic acid/isoascorbic acid exists on earth as radicals at a physiological ph. As indicated in the structure, the ascorbic acid has unpaired electrons contribute by the C atom. The differences between the two radicals occur when thither is application of the electron spin technique. The compound radical forms a cyclic structure composed of heat content bonds between the carbon atoms and oxygen atoms, and carbon atom to HO (Kastner, 2). The hydrogen bonds surround the sodium ion in ascorbyl radical while in isoascorbyl the bonds surround the potassium ion. Both of the radicals are electroneutral especially when considering the debate that they comprise sodium and potassium. The presence of glutathione normally triggers the action, which alters the electronic configuration of the carbon atom back to its pilot light value of 4 (Biophys, 207). This together with the electroneutral properties allows for the transportation through of sodium and the potassium ion through the membrane. The best temperature for the function of the radicals is approximately 370C while it has a neutral ph at around 7. The temperature and the ph features always occur at the physiological values. Considering the physiological conditions, there is the presence of the specific enzyme systems, which helps in maintaining the stability of equipoise between the two radicals (ASC and Iso-ASC) and their corresponding semi- and fully oxidized states (Biophys, 207). The balance of these two (forming the mechanism of complex redox) helps in ensuring that there are suitable physiological conditions. The unbalance between the two may form a platform for the occurrence of many diseases. Uses and application They

Riordan Manufacturing Financial State Essay Example for Free

Riordan Manufacturing financial State EssayRiordan Manufacturing (RM) is a global organization that specializes in the manufacture of molded plastic products. With revenues in excess of $1 billion, RM employs 550 people and has projected annual earnings of $46 million. The organization operates three crumble manufacturing facilities located in Albany, Georgia, Pontiac, Michigan, and a joint venture in Hangzhou, China. With such a broad base, the fellowship faces some challenges with the current infrastructure of its bill system.Its three distinct entities in Georgia, Michigan, and China employ their accept independent finance and placarding systems providing input for consolidation at the corporate headquarters in San Jose. As a result of incompatibilities, the data format the home office receives requires time and effort for processing (Apollo congregation Inc., 2011). RM can benefit from the integration of several of its financial and accounting subsystems into one ERP system.This system will fork over the company with the capability to consolidate information from data sources in its three operating units and make it affectionate in real-time company-wide In todays business climate, staying on the cutting edge and at the forefront of information technology has become imperative. Integrated enterprise business systems have become the favorable standard for successful businesses. Linking each functional vertical via enterprise software permits streamlined and consistent conference between business units in virtual companies. This paper summarizes Riordan Manufacturings financial state, and discusses major components of its financial and accounting system and modules. List of Accounting Software Modules (Collins)Core Modules1. General Ledger2. Accounts Payable3. Accounts Receivable 4. graze Entry5. Procurement6. Sales and Purchasing History7. Invoicing and Shipping8. Payroll9. Financial Reporting10. EDI* (Electronic information Interchange)11 . Bar Code Reading*12. EDSS (Executive Decision Support System) (Apollo Group Inc., 2011).E-commerce Modules 1. tissue Based Requisitioning (allows employees to order supplies via the web) 2. Web Commerce Catalog (allows company to publish a web catalog) 3. Web Customers (allows customers to log in to their account history via the web) 4. Web Employee (allows employees to maintain personal data investments via the web) 5. Web Financial Statements (allows executive to access financial statements via the web) 6. Web Orders (allows the company to accept orders via the web) 7. Web Tools (allows company to create web sites and integrate their data) 8. Web admission (allows user to operate accounting system from remote locations via the web)

White Skin, Black Mask Essay Example for Free

exsanguine Skin, Black Mask EssayFrantz Fanons astounding debut novel, Black Skin, whiteness Masks (1952), originally titled An Essay For The Disalienation Of Blacks, defined colonialism and its effect on the black earthly concern and took him further into the parting of the human mind. After taking a position at a psychiatric hospital in Algeria, he became involved in its war, eventually deserting his cranial post to become a full-time aggressive in the Algerian National Liberation Front, and stemming from this period he penned his infamous manifesto, The Wretched Of The Earth. A failed black staggerion attempt years later confirmed his potency. This complex documentary also reveals the hypocrisies and inconsistencies lurking within Fanon, the most strike of all, when he married a white woman. Part reconstruction, part archive, Black Skin, White Masks features rare footage of the man himself and experts attest to his brilliance including Professor Stuart Hall, Francoise V erges, psychoanalyst Alice Cherki, psychiatrist Jacques Azoulay (who worked and studied with Fanon), Fanons brother Joby, Mme Felix Fanon, and his sister-in-law and niece and finally cultural tyro Homi K Bhabha offers valuable insight into Fanons relevance today.Isaac Juliens absorbing ode to Frantz Fanon is a fitting tribute and in breathtaking homage and style he offers the truth, the poetry, the bitterness of history and a glowing epiphany to the man himself. Black Skin, White Masks is a provocative walk through a land filled with colour, human need and foreign diversity that leaves no st genius unturned. Black Skin, White Masks was an eye opener for me. It helped me trustworthyize how African Americans were interact in the our society for many years.I now realize why the older generation of African Americans hate when the younger generation use the nigger/nigga. It could bring back memories of racism that no one wants to remember. Rage is what I felt when I read the first p aragraph of the novel, but its not my bureau to judge a entire race for past experiences that didnt happen to me. I also realized how real life in the past was dying for saying the wrong thing, and being judged just by the subterfuge of your skin. I glad I took the time to read Black Skin, White Masks it helped me realize a lot and gave me a better understanding of how life was during segregation.

Math word problems Essay Example for Free

Math word problems EssayIn a ripe move triplicity, the square of the hypotenuse side of the triangle is equal to the sum of the frigid side and adjacent sides of the triangle (Eves, 1997). This is known as the Pythagoras triangle. There are various applications of Pythagoras theorem in day-to-day situation that involves right angled triangles. An example of the application of Pythagoras theorem involving right angle triangles in day-to-day situations is in the determination of the elevation of a windowpanepane from the base of operations of the ground. It is quite difficult to accurately determine the height of a window from the foot of the ground, but with the application of Pythagoras theorem this makes it easier. Assuming, we have a rigid function that leans against a vertical house, touching the window whose height is to be determined. This forms a right angled triangle. The standoffishness from the base of the ladder to the foot of the build represents the adjacent s ide of the triangle and the length of the ladder is the hypotenuse side of the triangle, the height of the window whose length is to be determined is the opposite side of the triangle.Let the length of the ladder be represented by h, the distance between the foot of the ladder and the foot of the building be represented by a, then the height of the window from the base of the building be represented by o. Each parameter represents the hypotenuse, adjacent and the opposite sides of the triangle. Mathematically, applying Pythagoras theorem, h2= o2 + a2 The length of the window is the opposite side of the triangle and is represented by o above. Therefore devising o the subject of the formulae,We have o= v (h2 a2). So given that we know the length of the ladder and the horizontal distance between the foot of the ladder and the foot of the building, then the height of the window feces be calculated using the above formulae. The application of Pythagoras theorem in the determination of the height of a window further validates the authenticity of the theorem.ReferenceEves, H. (1997). Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics. New York Dover Publications.

Organizational structures Essay Example for Free

Organizational structures EssayOrganizations book distinct structures for organizing business entities. An organization can be of different structures depending upon size of the business organization. The labyrinthineity in organizing demands segregating the responsibilities. The important organizations structures are pre-bureaucratic, bureaucratic, Functional, Divisional and post bureaucratic structures. Pre-bureaucratic organization has typically small management team, typically one man show format, low on profits and easy to organize.Bureaucratic organizations has a complex organization structure, large business entity with varied functions to take of, the decision making process needs to blow over in hierarchical phase and it may delay the decision making process. Functional organization is pertain with large organizations with different entities. A FMCG company may have toilet soaps, detergents, cosmetics etc is a perfect lawsuit of operating(a) structure. The organiz ational structure will have more freedom to product enhancement. Cross functional organizing will be difficult to organize.Matrix organization segregates distinct functional profiles and organizational operational aspects. diametric departments will separately work on a specific project resembling the engineering, marketing, operations and administration. seat organizational structure deals with the unique features of an organizational which are having virtual importance than the conventional organizational responsibilities. The functions like the quality management, employee benefits and cross cultural management are taken into account. Not many organizations can have the non revenue profiles like the above as these facilities are expensive and complex to implement.

Ethical concerns Essay Example for Free

Ethical concerns EssayIn this embrace I will be examining and explaining ethical concerns that communities face when a business operates. In this case I will be using Primark as the selected business. Primark within the past year or so buzz off faced many concerns that have heavily affected the surrounding communities of where their businesses operate such as the sudate shops discovered within the UK. This was a big ethical concern due(p) to the child labour and the improbably low pay rate which broke UK trading laws and human rights. Although this was not as shocking as the Bangladesh disaster which involved the collapse of a large grinder that Primark produced products in. The result of this caused many lives to be taken and serous court action taken on the managers and owners of this factory. While these workers worked within this factory they worked infra improbably poor conditions and an incredibly low pay rate of 25 pounds a month to live on.This conditions which w orkers lived under not only affected them for the worse but their entire community was surviving on barley enough money to eat or live in acceptable conditions. What this factory was doing to the community originally it collapsed is enough to break most trading laws such as human rights and workplace safety. But when the factory collapsed killing close to a hundred of its workers it has had a bad effect on the environment and communities due to the debris and rubble that surround the site.Primark have admitted liability and paid compensation but a portion out more could have been done to prevent this * Safety Primark could at least send one health and safety officer to examine the workplace before Primark makes business deals with. If problems arise indeed Primark could invest in the work place raising its safety standards instead of having to pay fines then being known as an unethical business. * Wellbeing checks Primark could send Human resources employees to examine the we llbeing of the employees of the business which business deals are to be made.This would make sure that the business is operating ethically and to the standard of what their customers expect. * Send assessors on a yearly or monthly basis To make sure the safety of the workplaces and the wellbeing of its workers is kept up to the average standard from the first visit assessors should be sent to document the businesses maintained standard. To which it is then reported back to superiors. What Primark have done after the Bangladesh Spending $1 million (? 640,000) on dead term aid and food aid the victims. * Compensating thousands of families that where effected by the disaster. * Opened a website -http//www. primark-ethicaltrading. co. uk/ on this website it has training on what further action Primark is taking to help and aid the local communities such as an alter safety programme and the HERproject which focuses on the wellbeing and health of female workers.

Foreign Exchange Service of Bank Asia Limited Essay Example for Free

Foreign transfigure Service of banking company Asia Limited Essay1. IntroductionThe banking sector in Bangladesh comprises of four categories of scheduled banks. These are, home(a)ized commercial banks (NCBs), g everyplacenment owned development finance institutions (DFIs), private commercial banks (PCBs) and unconnected commercial banks (FCBs). Performance of these banking sectors under CAMEL framework, which involves analysis, and evaluation of the five crucial dimensions of banking operations, the five indicators used in the rating system are (I) Capital adequacy (ii) Asset quality (iii) Management soundness (iv) Earnings and (v) Liquidity. In addition, immaterial change Service is unitary of the major considering factors regarding these indicators. The bank acts as a media for the system of abroad exchange policy. The principles of foreign exchange service involve the entire system, the media used, and the monetary unit. According to Mr. H.E. EVITT Foreign Exchange is that section of economic science which deals with the means and methods by which right to wealth in one countrys specie is converted into rights to wealth in terms of another countrys currency. So bank should be aware vigorous-nigh this section for the overall development of the economy.2. Background of the studyAn internship programs necessity is originated for implementing the theoretical acquaintance in particle field. Therefore, internship program is included in BBA program. The goal of this report is to identify the contribution and the military issue of foreign exchange service in marges net profit.1.3 Rational Of the StudyThe apt of the study is to raise it on more about the course in practical life. This study alike helped me to know the banking system. From this study I learned about the different functions in the bank like offering online banking, remunerate order, foreign remittance, foreign trade, investment etc. I also learned how the banks perform these f unctions, what problems they face, and their benefit in offering different services to their clients. Then I was assigned in foreign trade department, so I have learned about L/C Files, register and over all L/C mechanism. In this section, how they provide their services to the clients I have also learned about it. As a student of Finance, it is actually important for me to acquire proper knowledge in this course to get better result in the future.1.4 Objectives of the Study1) The prime objective of the study is to understand various functions of Banks. I tried to evaluate the present condition of the banks. 2) To know about various products services of this bank, and to know about the banking terms as well as habituate with banking environment. 3) To know how they find out the risk of the foreign trade. 4) To know how they identify these types of risk and minimize them.1.5 Methodology of the studyFor preparing the report, I followed the following steps master(a) Information Firs t, I collected data about the Foreign Exchange Service in Bank Asia ltd. MCB Dikusha Branch by tenting to personnel working in the bank. Secondary Information Then in the second stage, I analyzed the collected data, working in Foreign Trade Department. Again, Personal contemplation File Finding Annual Reports of BAL Articles of BIOM helped to prepare this report.1.6 Limitations of the StudyNot all the information of a Bank can be disclosed. It is very much essential for a bank to provide security to the customer. So the perfect information might not be shown in all places. The Employees of the Bank are also very busy. Therefore, the employees of the bank do not have enough time to provide me help regarding preparing report. Therefore, it was very hard for me to collect the data and bring out the proper information in order to observe report look good. I had to go through many obstacles in order to make it presentable.1.7 chain of mountains of the ReportThe scopes of the report are as follows The report would help the top management to identify the key areas of weakness and strength in foreign exchange service. The scope of the study is based on shortened description of BAL has been furnished. The study may help top management in planning and decision making regarding foreign exchange service.CHAPTER 2AN OVERVIEW OFTHE PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES OFBANK ASIA limited2.1 OVER VIEW OF BANK ASIA hold inBank Asia Limited (Ltd) has been launched by a group of successful entrepreneurs with recognized standing in the society. The stipendiary up capital of the Bank is 1395 million. The management of the Bank consists of a group led by elderberry bush bankers with decades of experience in national and international markets. The senior management team is ably supported by a group of professionals many of whom have exposure in the international market. Bank Asia Limited is one of the third generation private commercial banks (PCBs), bodied in Bangladesh on 28 Septemb er 1999 as a worldly concern limited company under the Companies Act 1994, and governed by the Banking Companies Act 1991.The Bank went for public issue of its shares on 23 September 2003 and its shares are listed with Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd and Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. Bank Asia Limited acquired the business of Bank of Nova Scotia (incorporated in Canada), Dhaka, in the form 2001 and at the beginning of the year 2002, the Bank also acquired the Bangladesh operations of Muslim Commercial Bank Limited (MCBL), a bank incorporated in Pakistan, having two branches at Dhaka and Chittagong and one booth at Dhaka. In taking over the Bangladesh operations, all assets and certain specific liabilities of MCBL were taken over by Bank Asia Limited at book of account values.Within a short span of time Bank Asia Ltd has established itself as one of the immobile growing local private banks. It has at present a network of Thirty three branches luck many of the leading corporate houses and is gradually moving towards retail banking. Another significant delivery change is its own as well as shared ATM Network. Bank Asia has a network of 25 ATMs out of which 6 it owns. The other 19 ATMs are shared through ETN with eleven other banks. Since its diminished beginning in 1999, it set milestone by acquiring the business operations of the Bank of Nova Scotia in Dhaka, first in the banking history of Bangladesh. It again repeated the performance by acquiring the Bangladesh operations of Muslim Commercial Bank Ltd. (MCB), a Pakistani bank.In the year 2003 the Bank again came to the limelight with oversubscription of the initial Public Offering of the shares of the Bank, which was a record (55 times) in our capital markets history and its shares commands powerful premium. The asset and liability growth has been remarkable. By Dec 2007 the total asset of the Bank grew to Tk 38436 million, increase of close to 26% comparing to 2006. As of Dec 2007 deposits increased to Tk 30004 million, an increase of 19% over that of 2006, and Loans Advances reached Tk 28456 million, an increase of 28% over that of 2006. Bank Asia has been actively participating in the local money market as well as foreign currency market without exposing the Bank to vulnerable positions.The Banks investment in Treasury Bills and other securities went up noticeably opening up opportunities for enhancing income in the context of a administration of gradual interest rate decline. Bank Asia Ltd is maintaining its competitiveness by leveraging on its Online Banking Software and ultramodern IT infrastructure. It is the pioneer amongst the local banks in introducing innovative products like SMS banking, and under the ATM Network the Stelar Online Banking software enables civilise linking of a clients account, without the requirement for a separate account.2.2 VISION STATEMENT OF BANK ASIA LIMITEDBank Asias vision is to have a poverty free Bangladesh in course of a generation in the ne w millennium, reflecting the national dream. Our vision is to build a society where human dignity and human rights receive the highest consideration along with reduction of poverty.2.3 MISSION STATEMENT OF BANK ASIA LIMITEDTo see in bringing high quality service to our customers and to participate in the growth and expansion of our national economy. To set high standards of integrity and bring total satisfaction to our clients, shareholders and employees. To become the most sought afterward bank in the country, rendering technology driven innovative services by our dedicated team of professionals.2.4 CAPITAL STRUCTUREBanks generally do their business with others fund, so Bank Asia Ltd is not in exception. Bank Asia Ltd uses 24% equity and 75% Debt source of capital. The capital structure is following

Why and to what extent have conservatives Essay Example for Free

Why and to what extent have conservatives EssayWhy and to what extent, have conservatives put forward angiotensin converting enzyme kingdom principles? 45One nation conservatism stems from the paternalistic branch of conservatives and thus has a submit towards principles much(prenominal) as accessible duty and moral stipulation, specifically the obligation of the better-off in society to support or aid the less(prenominal) well-off, reflecting Disraelis desire to prevent the UK becoming two nations the haves and the have nots. This essay testament argue that thither is support for One estate principles throughout the more traditions within conservatism just that there is significant opposition to some One Nation principles also. One principle in which there is support for by some conservatives is pragmatism. The basis for pragmatism in One Nationism is reflected in a aid of revolution, stemming from of all time widening accessible inequality. Disraeli fe argond that social inequality was the limitd of revolution and thus aimed to improve the conditions of the less well-off in society so as to keep them content with their living standards. However it is big to note that these improvements are limited to the desire to ensure that the poor no longer pose a threat to established order. This pragmatic approach to politics and social policy is reflected in Burkes statement that a state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservatism. The conservative New Right have received pragmatism, evident in modern times where the Conservative party under Cameron has kept many social bail and welfare programs running in the UK.By tradition, conservatives have had a tendency to be falsifiable in nature. Empiricism refers to the use of the knowledge derived from the past in remaining pragmatic in work current political problems. The empirical nature of conservatives is evident in Burkes assertion that no generation should ever be s o harsh as to consider itself superior to its predecessor. Thus, One Nation conservatism may been favourable to some conservatives since a paternalistic body with links to the past can uphold the whole caboodle of the past which have responded well for several hundred years. The paternalistic bodies of authority in One Nation conservatives will uphold the famous conservative phrase that if it aint broke, dont fix it, thus showing clear compatibilities with different forms of conservatism.One Nationism also supports the principle of hierarchy in society as they believe it to be twain natural and inevitable. Their firm attachment to a society structured by an inevitable hierarch derives from the inherent roles in the family, where the father is to be the head of the household and his family to whom which he will provide for are his subordinates. It follows that this consume on hierarchy compliments sniffyism which is evident throughout both traditional conservatism and neocon servatism. The former tradition also views hierarchy as natural and uses the image of the father as the head of the family, as the right to exercise power from above.The latter highlights the significance of a hierarchy as to the maintenance of security, such as that knowing where you stand in society, or in a social group. They believe that this security is provided by the father of the family via means of strong paternalistic curtailment of liberty. As this view of hierarchy leads itself to authoritarian views, Libertarians strongly disagree with the principle. They believe that government should have the least possible regulation on social life. Thus they view the positive curtailment of liberty to be a violation and believe that electronegative liberty has priority over all forms of authority, tradition and equality.From the view that the father is the provider in a family, One Nationism has constructed its approach to social policy. Disraeli was a supporter of noblesse oblige, that is, the price paid in generate for operating authority as a government as the political obligations of the state to maintain a stable society and economy. The principled basis for One Nationism is that the rich have a moral obligation to help the poor, as the positions of both are largely based on the accident of birth which is back up by Rawls notion of brute luck.Duty is therefore the price of privilege and those who are privileged mustiness shoulder the burden of those who are not. This view has been supported by Social conservatives who have kept to the excavate policies of for instance providing a wide range of choice in the provision of education and the NHS. However these views are not accepted by other forms of conservatism such as the liberal New Right, who see the social reforms and policies as creating a culture of dependency which may lead to the breakup of the nuclear family, as the father is no longer the provider.One Nation conservatives also support the ide a of planned capitalism. This is a pragmatic rejection of the laissez faire approach to the economy mainly because of the crisis of the Depression of the 1920s. This middle-way economics aimed to keep some aspects of a forego market but couple them with social and welfare policies funded by government.They believed that the state had an obligation to intervene in the economy to provide welfare services to prevent abject poverty. This is somewhat supported by Christian conservatives who aim to help the needy in society. There is also further support of compassionate conservativism since the 1980s and a shift away from market fundamentalism. However there is further disagreement with neoliberalism as they disagree in state intervention in social or economic policy and are not attuned to the view of the deserving poor.In conclusion, it is evident that there is agreement between conservatism and One Nation principles on matters such as hierarchy but the extent to which depends on how t he view is portrayed. different traditions view the principles in different lights and thus have different outcomes regarding the principle. It is also evident that One Nationism shares many similarities with the conservative New Right but finds itself largely at opposition with neoliberal viewpoints. Thus, One Nation conservatism has tended to find support due to its emphasis on empiricism, natural inequality, tradition and the organic society. The boilersuit conservative support towards One Nation notions is to a large throughout traditional forms, and is limited when theories of neoliberalism develop.

Flexible work options Essay Example for Free

Flexible pull in options turn upWith our person-to-person lives busier than ever, go waxy work options to your employees could be the best way to keep the good ones around. By offering elastic work options, such as flextime, it will allow employees much family time, go brook to school, if desired, to advertize education, as well as decrease absenteeism at work. Now, who wouldnt want a hypothesise that offered the time allowed to do those kind of things? I know I would. Flexible work hours allow employees more time with their family. It allows more time to spend with their children, and to attend all school programs and plays. It allows a pargonnt the opportunity to be able to take their child to school, and go back to pick them up from school. This makes for expert children which makes for happy parents, which in turn, makes for a happy employee. Happy parents working flexible schedules, are more productive at work and produce better quality of care.Not only does it allow for family time, but employees working flexible work hours are able to return to school on their own, and pursue that college degree they have perpetually wanted. Not only does it allow to obtain a college degree, it allows one to go back to school to further the degree they already obtain. Working flextime allows the time to go back to school without interrupting the work schedule at work. This allows a person to work full time and attend school. Flextime allows the ability for employers to retain key, dedicated employees whose personal needs conflict with traditional work hours. By offering flextime, youll gain increased productivity and prole satisfaction, along with decreased absenteeism and turnover all great money-savers for the company. Flextime helps create a happier, more satisfying workplace, too.Because employees are often so glad that their employers are willing to allow for a work-life time adjustment, they tend to work harder and in a more dedicated fashion to hold on to their now-perfect schedule and re-balance their lives, and actually savor coming to work. This is why no one calls-in to work. They love it. To keep happy employees, employers, fathers, mothers, or the entire family, offering flextime is the way to go. It allows for so many benefits, neither one can go wrong with working flexible work hours. It will produce happy parents, happy children, and happy employers. Work progress will emend so much as well as the quality of work provided. With the busy lives of people and everything that is necessitate of some of them, flextime is the best way to go. Going with flextime makes everyone happy. Yay for flextime.

Explore the range of linguistic and stylistic effects Essay Example for Free

Explore the range of linguistic and stylistic effects EssayRemind yourself of Act II Scene I beginning with the first speech by Owen, Now where have we got to? to the end of Hughs speech, Gentlemen. he leaves. Explore the range of linguistic and stylistic effects use here by Friel to bring out the central themes and issues of the play. In the play Translations Brian Friel explores many issues, superstar of which is the surgery of naming. The play is based on the introduction of the first Ordnance Survey, bringing with it the inevitability of anglicizing place names. In the extract naming is emphasised by constant references to various places in Ireland, and their English equivalents for example axial rotation na hAbhann Burnfoot . The link between a place and historical events is also emphasised And you place names-what was the one we came across this morning? -Termon, from Terminus, the god of boundaries. The theme of naming is very closely linked to the loss which occurs as a result. As place names are anglicized, something is lost. Communities such as Baile Beag lose their cultural and political identities, and the original meaning is distorted.Friel used the theme of naming to highlight this loss of identity within the Irish community. The importance of names is also stressed in the repetition of place names Owen Bun na hAbhann Yolland Again Owen Bun na hAbhann Yolland Bun na hAbhann Friel uses mapping, both liter wholey and metaphorically, in order to take away his ideas. The actual mapping for the Ordnance Survey is maintained by Owens constant gesture of referring to the map which he and Yolland are working from. This is shown in the stage direction Owen returns to the map. Gestures such as this are used to massive effect by Friel.Mapping is used metaphorically through Hughs speech, where, using the semantic field of geography, he talks of a linguistic contour and landscape of fact. The metaphor of codes is also used by Friel to pack the c omplexity of language, and to express the idea that although one may learn a language, the true language of a community and the secrets which it holds are often difficult to decode. However, Friel does offer some hope, as Owen, Manus and Hugh have all learnt to decode the English language. Hugh is a character who, although is slightly self-deluded, is also a learned person.He speaks with intelligence, and incessantly in Standard English I like to think we endure around truths immemorially posited. Hugh often uses linguistic terms, such as a syntax opulent with tomorrows, and makes use of an analogy-you dont dispose of the cow just because it has produced a magnificent calf, do you? -in order to communicate his message to Yolland. Hugh is an educated man, who uses many literary features in his chance(a) speech, and is one of the few characters who realises Irelands inevitable future. This shows Friels desire to emphasise the importance of education for the new, modern world.

Women and feminism raised in The Handmaids Tale Essay Example for Free

Women and feminism raise in The Handmaids Tale EssayMarg argont Atwoods novel The Handmaids Tale was written in 1986 when the feminist movement was happening, the forge feminism is hard to really define into one term but it is usually recognised as meaning equal rights for women. The first wave of feminism happened in the 19th century and this was about knowledgeable division in the workplace then the second wave of feminism started in 1960s and this was know as the Womens Liberation Movement this aimed to create a women centred world by making their voices heard by dint of the demonstrations such as burning pornography (which Offreds mother was a part of. )In this essay I will be concentrating on the women and the issues of feminism in the handmaids tale. In the society of Gilead the women atomic number 18 grouped into categories concerning their age, prolificacy and their marital status. Although these women do permit their own separate social occasions in the author ities they all share the similar theme which involves staying within the folkhold.Such as the Marthas who are responsible for the domestic side who fete the home clean and tend to the cooking where as the handmaids have only one specific role and that is to make they are known as only womb on legs to give birth to children for the commanders wives who are ineffectual to have children and their role is to raise these children after they are born.We can see that handmaids are like shadows amongst the house quiet and replaceable as Rita claims about the last handmaid She didnt work out showing that they are handle as products that can be easily replaced if they dont work out for the purchaser the handmaids are simply like property and this is shown in their names such as OF-FRED they belong to the commander of the household although their role is one of the most important in this patriarchal system they are however not treated this way, they are treated as one of the lowest clas s.Even the roles of the commanders wives have little importance they are given trivial meaningless tasks such as tending to the gardens as this is their domain which they can mold and care for maybe a replacement for the children, they also knit scarves for the Angels upfront however Offred claims that Maybe its something to keep the wives busy, to give them a sense of purpose. There is also the role of the aunts which could also be seen as really important as well because it is these older women who brainwash these teachings into the handmaids to let them fulfil their duties.The womens roles are also represented in the colour of the clothes they wear for the Marthas it is green for the commanders wife it is blue and lastly the handmaids wear a red nun-like uniform where the red represents their function suggesting the blood of the menstrual cycle and giving birth to a child, the colour can also represent their imprisonment in the Gilead society the colour of blood, which define s us. The roles of the women are in truth dependent on their relationship with the men in the regime and their ability to have children which effectively steals the womens soul identity being categorised gives the society much more control over them. The colour of their clothing makes the women easy to recognise which group they belong to, dehumanising them completely treating them more like machines than human beings.It could be seen as some kind of sisterhood with the different roles that the women play and how they co-operate with each other because this could be seen as a feminist world with women appreciating their roles and helping the other women however the use of the roles of women just creates more power for the regime as having a hierarchy of women just creates conflict amongst them so they dont really see the true antagonist which are the men.Womens status before Gilead was completely different, women were allowed to have education Psychology, English, Economics. We s tudied things like that, then. Giving them a chance to have a career of their own, which earn them their own money allowing them to have choice of what they valued to buy. Women had much more independence allowing them to think for themselves and make the choices they wanted which I will elaborate on later.There were women who were feminists in the time before, fighting for their rights and having a voice to rebel against the treating of women because in them days they were seen as sex objects but in a different light through pornography magazines or by seeing them in certain outfits which screamed out sexuality, Offred remembers this because when she walks off from the guard at his post she purposely sways her hips subtile that the guards are staring after her in a sexual sense.However now the status of women in Gilead is defined by their ability to reproduce, they are treated as objects, all their rights have been stripped away from them they are denied an education, not allow ed to have a job, they cannot vote and they are banished from writing or reading. What I direct into them my own clothes, my own soap, my own money, money I had earned myself. They have no family or possessions they dont raze have their own identity as they are mentioned only with their male owner even the wives are only known through their title as the commanders wife.Rebellion and independence is not in the question, the women should neer undermine the men or act against the system of the society the only thing that a muliebrity is worth is for the use of her reproductive system and their only job they have is the function they must perform. The soundbox that women once used to express their sexuality, the body they used to feel comfortable in which defined who they were as a person has now become the thing they are now afraid and ashamed of My desolation is strange to me already. My body seems outdated. They are ashamed of their body because it is now what defines them and keeps them trapped in this wretched society. Although it is the Aunts that have achieved high status as it is up to them to show the handmaids their new way of life and the rules they must stick out by, it could be seen that these women have some power of the handmaids but they are not permitted guns like the men do which shows that although the Aunts do have a powerful role with authority it is still men that obtain the supreme power because women cannot be trusted with guns.

Research Design in Geography

Research De manse in GeographyWith the ever- developing expansion of orbiculate knowledge geographers like galore(postnominal) other scientists two human and physiological cause begin to face an information explosion (Ebdon, 1985). The promptly on tap(predicate) written information and numerical selective information today is increasing at an accelerating rate. This has lead to the necessity for summaries of these large information sets visualizeing the concise measurements of their attributes. Human and physical geography slew be seen as two different curbs whizz been primarily focussed on soft selective information and one numeric entropy abide byively both been equ all in ally reliant and interested deep down substitute(prenominal) selective information etymons. The joust as to why this is the case is outlined below.It can be noted that indirect info indoors the investigate discipline whitethorn be defined as info which has not been accumulate with the circumstantial search question in mind (Emanuel and Egenvall, 2014). It can be seen as info which has previously been collected by somebody else however is effortlessly operable standby data was once a weapon of principal(a) data (Vartanian, 2010). It is seen as common source for academic disciplines to use within explore projects any been obtained from quantitative or qualitative sources.Secondary data as an aspect of scientific disciplines has come or so repayable to the global widespread transition from paper to digital (Gomez and Jones, 2010). Nowadays datasets can be created, analysed and distributed cosmopolitan digitally. Digital lower-ranking data is oftentimes structured within databases and organised as tables which can be analysed. An example of this is weather records available online within the NOAA National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC) whereby annual to cursory summaries be available as structured datasets. This climatic data online provides free acces sible archives of global historical weather and climatic data addressing all variables. Comp ared to many other scientific disciplines geographers use a great serve of secondary coil data because of the numerous types of data available within geographic interrogation (Montello and Sutton, 2006).Maps as a branch of secondary data support the basis of physical geographers research there involvement in the environmental features, factors and processes which coalesce together to make a place unique. With the hide outs features and primerscapes ever-changing in a spacial context mappings allow geographers to call for and reminder landscape change everywhere time (Gabler et al, 2008). Climatologists are interested in weather maps as they show where and how weather elements change daily, over the seasons and yearly. This allows for predictions and management in areas which whitethorn be susceptible to high levels of rainfall, such(prenominal) as south West England whereas Geomorp hologists look at the study of the topography within a hitn area. exploitation maps physical geographers apply their knowledge they dis go forward from the study of the earthly concern the observation of phenomena and compilation of data to want solutions to the global issues to which they are interested in. Geographic Maps are readily available at (Digi-map) ordinance work map data on Edina Maps an example of a historic map can be put atPhysical geographers and other scientists work to describe and analyse the often complex features of planet earth and its environments by composing representations of the real world ensamples. A model is a simplified version of a more(prenominal) complex reality that allows for prediction each model is designed with a specific decide in mind. This is evident in Pacione (2001) with the idea of the concentric zone model and the multiple nuclei model in smart set to explain the spatial structure of the urban economy. A map is a branch of mode l as it shows a representation providing useful information required to meet specific needs. Maps are seen as a pictorial model (Gabler et al, 2008) and are employ because they are efficient in conveying a great amount of spatial information that is easily recognisable. Likewise maps not only show spatial information and data but they also show essential information about the map itself which is enkindle to geographers the legend, collection plate and direction.A more recent approach since the 1990s is the use of geographic information systems and antenna remote sensing as a branch of mapping. Initially geographers used maps achieved by producing a gauzy overlay for each data set at a common descale, aligning overlays so that their co-ordinates corresponded and thusly drawing a new overlay showing for instance how rock types and soils interrelate (Freeman et al, 1993). However the more data there is to analyse the more complex the map becomes as a piece of secondary data. The refore large complex data sets require the use of computer software designed to set spatial data. This computer based technology assists the large geographic data derived from numerous digital map layers (composed of thematic maps) enabling geographers to address global problems that require large amounts of spatial data from a mannikin of sources (Gabler et al, 2008).Figure 1shows the surpass procedure in order to use GIS to create secondary data.As Moran (1975) states though it is not just geography using such tool, statistical analysis with maps is of course important in all other sciences such as geology, epidemiology and geophysics. An example of this is the work been done on the small scale geographical distribution of cases of tuberculosis, cancer and leukaemia (Moran, 1975). This is done to see if there is evidence of clustering which may give light on the causation of such diseases.Within the geographic discipline the common term secondary data refers to the relatively large databases those individual researchers would not be able to produce for example nose count data, newspaper archives, satellite determinery or resource inventories. Secondary data is an important aspect in all geographic literature because it can be analysed in order demonstrate a wisdom of relationship between variables to show an underlying burn. Geographers use secondary data because it provides an alternative to the collection of primary data which in turn often gives the researcher access to more information than would be available (Vartanian, 2010). Figure 2 shows just a sample of large datasets available on Income Inequality as a branch of human geography.Archives are seen as some other branch of secondary data whereby the use of existing records that others have collected primarily for non-research purposes such as financial reports, birth and finish records, newspaper stories, diaries or letters. These could be seen as more beneficial to human geographers as they are qualitative data.A recent approach and use of secondary data is the use of personal solicited diaries as a qualitative method of research within social geography. In Meth (2003) diaries were used with women from South Africa who record their experiences of violence over a one month period. Within the article it shows that solicited diaries can contribute towards a feminist analysis of social processes similarly within human geography diaries can promote amour and engagement by respondents in the research process. This use of secondary data is also present in the recent study into the everyday geographies into the hetero wake upual love and home by Morrison (2012). Within this study solicited diaries are seen to provide participants with a sense of emotional reflection and they can allow researchers to access this knowledge which may not have been opened if another data collection method was used. However as Morrison (2012) states diaries affirm momentariness research and cann ot al rooms be compared to everyday life.Compared to many other scientific disciplines, both human and physical geographers use a great deal of secondary data (Montello Sutton, 2006). Geographers can often be seen to study phenomena at large spatial and temporal scales where it can be seen as too difficult and upmarket to collect data oneself. Likewise the idea that secondary data is not intended for ones research often inspires a geographers research area. As Montello Sutton (2006) found, much geographic research is that analysts study problems at the examination scale of such available dataset, which is often not the scale at which the phenomena operates.The primary reason for the use of secondary data is its accessibility it is evident that there are thousands accessible in a myriad of places (Vartanian, 2010). This availability in such increasing amounts is due to the digitalization of many records. For human geographers the uttermost used source of secondary data is the pop ulation numerate (Flowerdew and Martin, 2013) which is produced in the UK every 10 years by the built in bed of National Statistics (ONS). This in-depth data analysis provides demographic statistics but also details on education, transport, work and housing. enumerate data is available publicly online at no cost and is available globally facilitating their use as an exploratory first step within a research project opposed to primary research within the same research area (Gomez and Jones, 2010). This approach is seen as more efficient in respect to time and cost in comparison to primary data collection. However it has become apparent that a large gap exists in the relative abilities of the rich and the poor countries to produce and control digital secondary datasets. However Gomez and Jones (2010) have seen the global south trying to narrow the digital divide by governmental projects in-order to create their own data collection. As geographers it is clear that the growing accessi bility of digitalised data is related to the offset of geomatic technologies.Emanuelson and Egenvall (2014) address the issue of time and cost it is apparent that secondary data is cheaper and more readily available than primary data. Due to this the ability to gain large samples of data is seen more apparent likewise the get hold to limit selection bias due to been able to sample a large part of the population. radical data can be affected by specific biases such as recall and non-response. Secondary data is less likely to be affected by these biases due to the data been collected for another research question in mind. Questions should still be considered in secondary data such as how representative is the data, reliability and completeness of data to ensure validity. The data should be validated in the same way (i.e. Identification of non normal observations and internal validity). Reliability and validity are important questions within research as this offers consistency of re sults under repeatability conditions and offers a truth-value of research (Montello and Sutton, 2013).The legitimacy of secondary data is carried by the organised order making it well suited for many types of quantitative or statistical analysis. Likewise secondary data is commonly produced by trained professionals who pre-test the questions and verify categories in order to produce standard and comparable information, both across time and space (Gomez, 2010). Most importantly the professional systems of collection assembly, storage and retrieval that do secondary data confer legitimacy that is widely recognised and works to empower such data and make it rhetorically convincing.Secondary data can arguably be involved within geography due to the Quantitative Revolution a term used by Davies (1972) as an aspect of one of the four major turning points within modern geography. This revolution occurred during the 1950s and 1960s highlighting a method of change behind geographical resear ch a launch from geography been a regional finding based research to a spatial science (Davies, 1972). The idea of secondary data been integrate into the discipline meant that there was a movement from descriptive to scientific. As Davies (1972) states there is a still a divide between human and physical geography as it can be seen that physical has unquestionable this quantitative revolution further causing a general talk of human geography nice its own independent subject. The revolution itself is the basis for geography using secondary data today due to its creation of dynamism, self-insurance and a reassertion of scientific principles (Newby, 1980). This introduction of scientific thinking (Davies, 1972) engaged the geographic discipline into the solution for spatial, social and environmental global problems. By turning an introspective subject into an actively interested discipline interested in the relationship it has with alternative global topics.Throughout physical geogr aphy the yield in analysis has not only been linked to but also related to the change in content and focus of enquiry. An example of this is the growing use of systems and modeling approach in Geomorphology (Chorley, 1962) and the rapid expansion of technology allowing secondary data to be widely available. In human geography the set out of quantitative techniques and the associated philosophical implications of a positivist approach led to change from 1965-75 (Gregory, 1983) arguably a ten dollar bill later than physical geography. Urban geography experienced a drastic shift from an urban land use approach to quantitatively based studies of spatial urban and economic structures. This need for statistics within all aspects of geography was made clear by Wilson and Kirkby (1975) nevertheless some British Geographers are overlooking aspects which need real mathematical competence.It has become clear that secondary datasets have become an important role in economic research due to the expansion of availability of datasets. Within human geography and economics outside(a) agencies such as the World Bank and the United Nations (UN) since the 1990s have expanded its data sets, as for years have published income distribution data in its annual world development report. Advancements within these data sets are enabling a greater scale and distribution (Atkinson and Brandolini, 2001). An example of this can be seen by the data sets constructed by Klaus Deininger and Lyn Squire (1996) and the world income inequality database (WIID).Alongside the expansion of research it can be noted that research has changed over time. This is displayed in the Social Service Review (SSR) during 1980 and 2007. In 1980 sextette main articles or notes used some form of secondary data either administrative or survey data whereas in 2007 it was twenty-two used articles published. Vartanian (2010 argues this is only a snapshot of a trend based on one elite social work journal However sec ondary data is becoming increasingly important.Statistical data is an important aspect of geography as it offers credibility to an contrast or advice. Moran (1975) claims that statistical geography bears the same relation to geography that econometrics do to economics. Statistics are present in all academic journals and are constantly been generated by governmental organisations in-order to generate spatial trends. Governmental turn datasets such as national statistics online, the UK population census and GEsource, all offer data which can be found across most countries and can usually be disaggregated to quite small areas such as administrative and political divisions which are popular amongst geographers (Flowerdew and Martin, 2013). Moran (1975) discovers that a great deal of statistical geography appears to be more descriptive than explanatory.The most common use of statistics in the UK by human geographers is the population census data. A geographic use of this is using censu s data to look at migration and morbidity in Bentham, G, (1988). Census data is an official complete collection of data from the population with details as to age, sex and occupation and renewed every 10 years. Bentham, G (1988) looks at the association between the geographical purpose of disease and possible casual factors looking at the 1981 GB Census data. Self-reported morbidity statistics are used displaying that the health status of migrants differs noticeably from that of non-migrants. Similarly Mesev, V (1998) uses census data within urban image classification. Mesev looks at a monitored classification strategy containing a group of techniques that allow the connecting of urban land cover from remotely sensed data with urban functional characteristics from the population census data.However statistical data should not bind us solely to secondary data in addition there are administrative reports, business records, diaries, newspapers and maps. As with any form of methodology disadvantages are there secondary data can be argued to have a lack of control (Vartanian, 2010). It can be said to have a lack of control over the framing and wording of survey items and that the questions important to your studied may not be included in such data. Likewise subtleties matter a great deal in research and secondary data can be argued to get broader and not answer the research question in the direct research title. Similarly Emanuelson and Egenvall (2014) consider that there is no control over the information what is included in datasets which have already been produced therefore impossible to validate. Moreover ecological false belief and modifiable area unit problem can be an issue within secondary data the assumption that all individuals in a group share the average characteristics of that group and those trends within data are based upon existing boundaries that are unrelated to the phenomena in question.Secondary data will persist in important to geographic res earch as a primary source of information to a growing number of data intensive applications. Using secondary data clearly gives the researchers important advantages such as data coverage, quality and costs as well as the ability to analyse phenomena that otherwise may be impossible such as analysis of populations at a global scale. It can be argued that Data refers to a body of information in numerical form therefore it can be argued that it is hard to categorise data as uniquely geographical except perhaps data which concerns the spatial characteristics of places and areas (Ebdon, 1985). GIS as a branch of mapping is seen as one of the basic uses of secondary data within physical geography due to its ability to provide an important route to enquiry enabling exploration and integration of geographical data (Freeman et al, 1993).Within the immediate future physical geographers have no sign of movement away from the statistical analysis and the importance of using secondary data and m athematical modelling is more likely to grow opposed to contract. Whereas within human geography the future is less clear the positivist view point is being challenged leading to a number of coexisting approaches. Nonetheless harmonize the Institute of British Geographers for the future the numbers game is far from over (Newby, 1980) and this analogy can be applied to many scientific disciplines.

The Characteristics Of Design And Build

The Characteristics Of use And digitThe locution despatchs involve some activities. A construction swan can refer to any building activity that includes building, repair, erection, demolition, of import(prenominal)tenance, land clearing, earth moving, excavating, trenching, digging, boring, drilling, b suffering, concreting, inst altogetheration etc. (Housing Grants, structure and Regeneration Act, 1996). All these activities require spectacular get of goods and services. Large sum of transactions is needed to be set up to support the project. The goods and services atomic number 18 procured. They should be procured at the best possible equal to meet the needs in terms of pure tone, quantity, time and location (Weeley 2010).The construction sector is very master(prenominal) to the economy. In most of the countries it accounts for approximately 8-10 part of gross domestic product GDP. In India it accounts for 8 percent of GDP currently. The of import sectors in const ruction sedulousness in India ar Infrastructure, housing and commercial puzzlements. In 2014 the second variety of infrastructure development leave be quited. This entrust utilize additional promote to the construction manufacturing. Due to large number of projects the significance of procural go out be very great. If a construction project is procured appropriately then only the project is stainless in time with suited woodland and within estimated follow. in that respect ar numerous procural order actings around the knowledge base. The main procurement methods utilise in construction be Design and arrive at, guidance espial, social structure runion, mictu locate Operate Transfer, Public close Partnerships, Strategic Partnership, Joint ventures etc. In developed economies procurement methods such as Design and urinate, Construction concern and Management Contracting be used effectively. This is collectable to the maturity of the industry. In Indi a in general tralatitious procurement methods are used. This is due to the nature of the Industry. The construction industry in India is large and scattered. It consists large number of small firms. As there are large number of local firms, people are disinclined to change. The professionals in addition prefer to operate within their silos. Due to this they do not get out of the powderpuff zones and use conventional methods. Currently the trend is changing particularly in infrastructure projects and large projects due to the numbers of projects, the size of projects and the capital involved in the projects. Mainly the future procurement methods are gird Operate and Transfer and Public Private Partnerships. But these are bordered to only a fewer numbers of projects. Still large numbers of Projects are carried out in a traditional manner.The main barriers to replete up new procurement methods are, large population (1.2 billion approximately) large inclusive have, large dem and spread across the country, large number of small projects, traditional outlook of construction professionals, nonintegrated industry, large number of small firms, large unskilled figure out force. The some other(a) barriers include large number of regional languages, excess availability of skilled professionals in one part of the country and scarcity in the other parts, no measuring terms of contracts, different legislation in different states, local suppliers, monopoly of manufactures in a region. In order to cause out why the new procurement methods cannot be implemented, main issues should be checked namely, economic issues, vigilance issues, technical issues, legal issues and cultural issues, in India. These issues are inter-linked, interdependent up to a certain level. Careful observations will let us know what are the challenges in order to implement new procurement methods and will similarly let us know why it is strong to implement new procurement methods.The m ain question that needs to be answered is why it is tall(prenominal) to implement new procurement methods because implementing new procurement methods other than traditional methods will benefit the industry and will make it easier to operate, deliver quality goods, enhance the standards, and stand in the projects on time and within budgets.1.2 look into AimThe aim of the research is to identify the barriers, difficulties and gaps that restrict the implementation of new procurement methods in India.1.3 look ObjectivesThe research objectives will include the following1) Identifying the barriers which act as hindrances for implementation of new procurement methods in the Indian construction industry.2) To investigate the issues, namely economic issues, technical issues, heed issues, legal issues and cultural issues, to find out the factors which push the implementation of new procurement methods in India.3) To investigate procurement methods such as Design and found, Management Contracting and Construction Management and relate it to the traditional Indian procurement method to understand the challenges of the implementation of new procurement methods in India.1.4 Scope of StudyThis discipline of identification of barriers and gaps that restrict the implementation of new procurement methods is confined to the Indian construction industry. The data is collected from secondary sources. The main sources were U.N views on India, U.K Trade and Investment and other secondary data. This study looks only into the gaps and barriers. It outlines various gaps and barriers which are already leave in the Indian construction industry which in turn affects the implementation of new procurement methods.This study restricts itself to Identification of gaps and barriers and only derives the gaps and barriers from the nature and character of the Indian construction Industry. As moving to a greater extent forward into detail of everything was not possible. It investigates mainly into economic issues, circumspection issues, technical issues, legal issues and cultural issues and finds the gaps which go on the implementation of new procurement methods.In the Indian construction industry more than than than traditional methods of procurement are used, whereas in developed economies various new methods of procurement are used. This study will also mainly look into procurement methods such as Design and Build, Management Contracting and Construction Management and compare it with the traditional Indian procurement method to find the barriers and gaps.1.5 Structure of DissertationChapter 1) This chapter gives an introduction to the number and gives the idea about how the study will be carried out. It gives an idea of a fast developing Indian construction Industry and the need to adapt new procurement methods. It states the research aim, objectives and scope of study and also discusses the structure of the dissertationChapter 2) This chapter reviews the literature associated with the study. It looks into new procurement methods, figures of projects in India, Indian construction industry and important factors affecting the construction industry in India.Chapter 3) This chapter describes the research methodology adapted within the scope of the dissertation. substitute(prenominal) data, unstructured talks with the experts and academicians were employed to address the objectives.Chapter 4) This chapter characterizes India. It describes the nature and the character of the Indian construction industry. It gives an insight into the Indian construction Industry and its climaxes.Chapter 5) This chapter looks at the barriers and the gaps that restrict implementation of new procurement methods in India. It looks at the present construction Industry in India and its characterization and identifies the barriers and gaps that restrict implementation of new procurement methods in India.Chapter 6) This chapter presents the conclusions and caution for further research in this area.CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Procurement Methods IntroductionAround the world various procurement methods are used. These methods are developed through the years as per the various upcoming new projects. The selection of the most appropriate procurement method is critical for both the leaf node and other project participants as it is an important factor that contri merelyes to the overall thickenings satisfaction and project success. This selection will be dependent upon a number of factors such as woo, time and quality which are widely considered as being the most fundamental criteria for clients seeking to achieve their end product at the highest quality, at the terminal cost and in the shortest time (Hackett et al. 2007).The pillow slip of procurement method adopted mainly depends upon the type of project, type of ownership, nature of construction industry in that particular country and the maturity of the industry. The selection of the procurement rails is much(prenominal) more than simply establishing a contractual relationship (Newcombe 1992), inspite of the continuing search for maximum evaluate for money. In the developed economies such as USA, UK, Australia, Sweden etc. procurement methods such as Design and Build, Management Contracting and Construction Management are used from a long time. This is because the construction industry is developed, the projects are needed to be delivered that way and the clients demand the delivery of projects in that particular manner. In this dissertation the study is limited to procurement methods such as Design and Build, Management Contracting and Construction Management.2.1 Design and BuildDesign-build is a method to deliver a project in which the invent and construction services are contracted by a mavin entity known as the rule-builder or image-build asseverator. Design-build relies on a wizard point of right contract and is used to asperse attempts f or the project owner and to reduce the delivery document by overlapping the devise strain and construction phase of a project. Design and Build with its bingle point responsibleness carries the clearest contractual remedies for the clients because the DB contractile organ will be responsible for all of the work on the project, regard little of the nature of the fault (John Murdoch and Will Hughes 2007).The traditional approach for construction projects consists of the appointment of a bearinger and the appointment of a contractor differently. The fig-build procurement route changes the traditional sequence of work. It answers the clients wishes for a single-point of responsibility in an attempt to reduce risks and overall be. Today it is commonly used in many another(prenominal) countries and forms of contracts are widely available.The Design-Build Institute of America (DBIA) takes the position that jut out-build can be led by a contractor, a designer, a developer or a joi nt venture, as long as a the design-build entity holds a single contract for both design and construction. The main contractor takes responsibility for both design and construction and will use either in-house designers or employ consultants to carry out the design. Most of the construction work will be carried out by specialist or sub-contractors.The contractor tenders against a client brief and will a good deal follow an initial concept design prepared by consultants appointed to advise the client. The design will be developed by the contractor and the plant will be completed, usually for a fixed price. Tendering is more expensive so it carries more risk for the contractor than the traditional approach. This is because the contractor has to develop an outline design and a detailed price. Tender lists will probably be shorter than for traditional contracts.The Design-Build approach gives the client a single point of contact. However, the client commits to the cost of constructio n, as well as the cost of design, much earlier than with the traditional approach. Changes made by the client during design can be expensive, because they affect the whole of the Design-Build contract, kinda than just the design team costs.This strategy is a low-risk option for clients who wish to minimize their exploit picture to the risks of overspend delays or design failure. However, the exposure to risk will increase where the design phase is rushed, where unreasonable time targets are set or where the tender documents are not fully completed. possessorClientArchitectEngineersQuantity SurveyorsDesign and Build ContractorConsultantsSubcontractors check 1 Design and Build Process2.1.1 Characteristics of Design and BuildIt provides single point of responsibility so that in event of a failure the contractor is solely responsible. There is no ambiguity surrounded by the designer and the contractor. The clients interests are safeguarded in this respect.When the client adopts Des ign and Build method he knows his total financial commitment archaean in a project. The client has direct contact with the contractor. This improves the lines of communication and enables the contractor to respond and adapt to the clients needs more propelly.In Design and Build contractor is responsible for design, planning and tell. This gives him a better control over the activities and can concurrently carry out the activities which are not broadly speaking possible using traditional procurement methods.The contractor can purchase, obtain planning permission and arrange his finance simultaneously which helps him to give a better deal to the client. He can also benefit himself and the client by fashioning use of proprietary modular designs which reduces design time and time required for approval.The contractor can start the work as soon as the approvals are obtained and sufficient information regarding the site operations is available. The design does not need to be finalized before some, at least, of the work may be commenced.The Design and Build proposals ensure economical tenders and alternate design concepts which can benefit the client. The nature of Design and Build procurement formation promotes the creation of integrated design and construction team.In some countries using Design and Build ashes relaxes the architects code of practice, which encourages them to become full partners in design and build firms. The closer involvement of architects leads to more aesthetically pleasing buildings and leads to designs which put up a greater appreciation.Design and Build promotes integration and improves communication between designer and contractor, which encourages prompt decisions. The prompt response in achieved even in the event of material and cut into shortages.In the Design and Build system design costs are built into the package the costs involved are also less. In Design and Build the nature of the contract tends to reduce changes and vari ations from the true design and disruption of the plant life is less likely to occur.By using Design and Build method time and cost economic systems are achieved, which benefits the client. The total project completion period is also rock-bottom. Design and Build reduces the employers financing charges, inflation has less effect and the building is operational sooner which commercially produces an early return on the capital invested.The Design and Build method facilitates novation of design with the consultants to the contractor which provides goods to the client. If the design is novated the client has the advantage of knowing that his needs and intentions are met for tendering purposes by referring to the drawings and specifications. It is advantageous to the contractor as he is provided with more detailed information on which he can quote his tender. The contractor also has less design work to carry out before tendering so his tendering cost is also less. The contractor acc epts responsibility for risk of building failure due to inadequate design and his increase responsibility is reflected in his tender which helps the client.The advantage of Design and Build is that the contractor has some control over the design and is able to introduce components, materials and systems which are beneficial and which he knows are more economical to construct.2.1.2 Critique of Design and BuildDesign and Build is not suitable for complex projects. The traditional method of construction procurement dissociates the designers from the contractors interests, design-build does not.The contractor decides on the design issues as well as issues related to cost, profits and time exigencies, which may be the matter of business sector in some situations.Difficulties can be experienced by clients in preparing an adequate and sufficiently nationwide brief.The client is required to commit to a concept design at an early detail and often before the detailed designs is completed.T here is no separate bid for design and construction, bids may be difficult to compare as each design will be different, this will vary the project create by mental act between the bidders and prices for the project will be different for each different design.There is no design overview unless separate consultants are appointed. And there is no one appointed from clients side to manage the full treatment or act as clients agent.Few firms offer the Design and Build service so there is less real competition.If client changes the scope of the project, this can be expensive.The design liability is limited by the standard contracts available.Design-build does not make use of competitive bidding where prospective builders bid on the same design.In Design and Build the criteria to select contractor is subjective and difficult to evaluate and to justify later.2.2 Management ContractingIn management contracting the clients appoints the designers and a management contractor separately and p ays the contractor a recompense for managing the construction works. Payment to the management contractor is done on the basis of cost of the works packages convinced(p) agreed fees. The main benefits of management contracting are the time required for design and construction is shorter. There is an early involvement of managing contractor during design phase, in which his expertise can be used. The management contractor has the responsibility to manage the project. The sub-contractors are appointed by the management contractor, thus reducing the day to day administrative responsibilities of the client. The management contractor has major role in directing the project. The lines of communications are improved. As there is a direct relation between the management contractor and the client changes and variations can be done in a project. The main advantage is that the project is completed in time as the management contractor manages the works. Because of this the client gets possess ion quickly and the return on investment starts.The client unremarkably appoints the management contractor to take an active role in the project at an early stage and the client can benefit from the contractors expertise. The overall design is the responsibility of the clients consultants, but the management contractor is unremarkably responsible for defining packages of work and then for managing the carrying out of those work packages through separate trades or works contracts.The management contractor can sometimes not be employed to undertake the work but is employed to manage the process. All the work is subcontracted to works contractors who are at present employed by the management contractor. The client usually needs to be inclined the opportunity to approve the terms and conditions of the trades or works contracts before the packages are subcontracted.The management contract will usually include both a pre-construction phase and the construction phase. The management co ntractor is responsible for the administration and operation of the works contractors. However, the management contractor is not liable for the consequences of any default by a works contractor so long as the management contractor has complied with the particular requirements of the management contract.ArchitectOwnerClientEngineerQuantity SurveyorSubcontractors whole kit ContractorsManagement ContractorFigure 2 Management Contracting Process.2.2.1 Characteristics of Management ContractingClients and contractors adapt this system once they gain experience, which suggests that it has merits. It is generally recognized that its adoption requires mutual trust.The management contractor is appointed much earlier. He is able to become a member of design team and contribute his expertise and mainly his management expertise. Management Contracting is an effective method for the client retaining control of the design whilst drawing on the experience of a construction specialist as part of th e Professional Team.The Management Contractor is pay a fee for its services as well as enters into contract with the client for work packages, generally separate works contractors are appointed to carry out work packages under the management contractor. This type of arrangement tends to be used on complex projects where early input from a construction specialist is required.The management contractor finds it easier to identify with clients need and interest and integration of team becomes possible and practical.Decisions regarding appointment of subcontractors are made jointly by designers and management contractor thus making use of wider experience. Specialists contractors and subcontractors compete at second stage ensuring economical tenders which benefits the client.Lines of communication are shorter between management contractor and client than with the traditional procurement method.The client has direct control over the management contractor, who is the main contractor, so t hat the project is completed in a better way and in shorter time. The total project completion period is reduced by parallel working. A reduced project completion period produces a corresponding decline in financing charges and interm payments to the contractors. Inflation has less effect. The client takes the delivery of the building more quickly and obtains returns on his investment more quickly.The main functions of the management contractor may include acting as foreland contractor, cost planning and cost control, consenting for works contracts, coordinating and managing works contracts, coordinating commissioning, collating pre construction information and construction phase plan, monitoring key performances and managing the site.2.2.2 Critique of Management ContractingThe client is usually given an approximate estimate of the final project cost by the management contractor early in the project life but the client does not know the final project cost until the last sub contra ct is entered into. On other projects he is given a guaranteed maximum cost.The architect may have less time to develop the design because he is under greater pressure from the client and contractor. The design may suffer as a result.Specialist contractors frequently prefer to be in contract with the client rather than with the management contractor because interim payments are usually made more promptly when give direct.The client should provide a good design brief as the design will not be completed until the client has committed world-shaking resources to the project.The strategy relies on quality committed team or it may just become a mere reporting system in some cases.It reduces resistance to works contractors claims where such demands are passed on to the client by the management contractor.Management contracting is not suitable for inexperienced clients.It is less suitable for clients wanting to pass the complete risk to the contractors.Specialist contractors frequently pr efer to be in contract with client rather than the management contractor appointed by the client because interim payments are usually made promptly when paid directly.2.3 Construction ManagementIn construction management the client appoints a construction motorcoach for a fee to manage, programme and coordinate the design and construction activities. The client does not allocate risk and responsibility to a single main contractor. Construction work is carried out by trade contractors through direct contracts with the client for various packages. The client takes the risk. The construction manager supervises the construction process and coordinates the design team.The construction manager has no contractual links with the design team and contractors. He only provides professional expertise without assuming financial risks. On appointment the construction manager takes over any preliminary scheduling and cost information and draw up detail programme accordingly. In this method the c lient should have administrative or project management staff with the ability to assess the recommendation of construction manager and take actions.Adapting construction management reduces the time required for the project. This occurs because the contract strategy, construction and design can overlap. A construction manager should have a good track record in cost forecasting and cost management, as the time can be reduced but the price certainty is not achieved unless the design and construction have advanced to the extent that all the work packages have been let.This method puts so much emphasis on the role of client, if the client is experienced, with the help of construction manager he can control the project effectively. The clients continue to use construction management to their advantage, for example, the cultivation of direct, long-term relationships with trade contractors helps to secure many of the benefits more often associated with partnering. Furthermore, by employing a construction manager who is able to focus on the interests of the project, rather than on its own risk management, the client can be confident that its project objectives will be shared by the rest of the team.Construction management is distinguished by the influence of the clients and construction managers management and leadership skills on the success of the project. By adapting construction management method the client can have greater influence over the project and can have more flexibility over the contractor selection and so on.OwnerClientArchitectEngineerQuantity SurveyorConstruction ManagerContractorsSubcontractorsFigure 3 Construction Management Process.2.3.1 Characteristics of Construction ManagementConstruction management offers relative time saving potential for overall project duration due to overlapping of various activities.The roles, risks and relationships are clear for all the participants during most of the situations. In some situations changes in design can be accommodated later than some other strategies, without paying a premium.In construction management method the client has direct contracts with the contractors and pays them directly. This helps the contractors as they are paid promptly and there is evidence that this results in lower prices because of improved cash flow certainty.The client has direct involvement in the project as compared to most of the traditional methods. As the client is directly involved he is enabled to make prompt decisions which can be implemented without delay. This also makes possible a prompt response by the client to unforeseen site problems and also makes possible a prompt response by the contractor to changes required by the client.In this type the construction manager acts as an agent of the contractor. This benefits the contractor in managing the works. This also excludes the client for keeping his own staff for overlooking the issues which are looked by the construction manager. The central role of the construction manager is managing the project and providing administrative support to the employer. In this there is no single point of responsibility related to the delivery of the project.2.3.2 Critique of Construction ManagementIn construction management price certainty is not achieved until the last works packages have been let. Budgeting generally depends heavily on design team estimates.The client should be pro-active and must provide a quality design brief to the design team in order to complete the design. The strategy relies upon the client selecting a good quality and committed team.In construction management the client has to manage and administer many contracts as there is no single contractor, all the works contracts are directly between the works contractors and the client.The client has to manage coordinate with the design team appropriately or else there increased likelihood of design change. There is a high degree of client ownership of risks associated with design including impacts of late or incomplete and uncoordinated design.In construction management the client has exposure to performance risk and exposure to consequential loss associated with trade contractor default.In construction management method there is increased administration role for the client. Construction manager owes duty of care liability only. The client is at the middle of management and requires decision making capabilities. The client has to rely on management capability of construction manager.2.4 Indian Construction Industry and EconomyIndian economy has been growing from last two decades at an unparalleled rate. This is mainly because of industrialization and service sector growth. The main reason for Indias growth is its huge internal demand. In recent years particularly after the global recession in 2008 the Indian economy has shown signs of fall down. In 2011-12 due to the current global economic scenario India found itself in the heart of managing growt h and stabilising prices.The Indian economy is grown by 6.9 per cent in 2011-12, after having grown at the rate of 8.4 per cent in each of the two preceding years. This indicates a slowdown compared not just to the former two years but 2003 to 2011 (except 2008-09). At the same time, sight must not be disconnected of the fact that, by any cross country comparison, India remains among the front-runners.The egregious Domestic crossing (nominal) of India is $ 1.848 trillion. The Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing power parity) of India is $ 4.457 trillion. The annual use budget of India is Rs.1490925.29 Crores. Over the years, more than half of the expenditure budget is spent on civil engineering, construction and related activities. The construction industry sets in motion the process of economical growth in the country, investment in this sector contributes 6.5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth.The construction industry in India is large and scattered. Today in India there is a massive demand in housing and infrastructure. The construction industry is the second largest industry of the country after agriculture. It makes a significant contribution to the national economy and provides employment to large number of people. The use of various new technologies and deployment of project management strategies have started to gain importance. In its path of advancement, the industry has to overcome a number of challenges. However, the industry is still faced with some major challenges, including hous