Women in Law Enforcement

Women in Law Enforcement Essay There atomic number 18 many stereotypes that women in constabulary enforcement field had to face throughout time. Women dissolute with being taken serious as a hatred fighter, or if a women would ever be allowed to become a legal philosophy officer, was a question because women are usually viewed from others as too small, weak and well-heeled to ever be taken serious from the public. In this research melodic theme I will explain the background on women in the jurisprudence enforcement and how women abide the same intelligence, communication, compassion, and diplomacy as a male officer.Having examples from articles and an query from a women officer will attend my thesis on how women dirty dog be successful as any male officer. Women ware struggled since the advance(prenominal) 1800s to have a career with impartiality enforcement so one daylight hope to succeed and be recognized as a set part of law enforcement just corresponding their ma le counterparts. Women dealt with lack of respect, cozy harassment, discrimination.These times were very difficult and challenging for female officers not solitary(prenominal) verbally and emotionally but too because the police department and made uniforms to fit men officers, who made the female officers, look amateur and uncomfortable and very hard to do their job, when they could hardly walk in the heavy yet loose-fitting uniforms they wore. In the past women had two choices They could fracture a very high-waisted, darted pants pattern from the 1970s or they could fail mens pants,(Garret).These uniforms make a females job even up much difficult with the extra weight and fabric bunched inside of their uniform, also caused a delay when reaching for their firearm. The uniforms made their job even much dangerous for females than for male officers. This demonstrates an immense example of how fearless women had to be, known that they were an easier take aim to take advantage of and was more overlooked from citizens. During World War II women were hired into law enforcement agencies, except most of these women who were hired to auxiliary work.The women that fall in the police force during the war helped to assist new men that were diligent or couldnt join the military. Many women worked as dispatchers or clerical workers within the departments. While men officers still had patrol duties and worked as the crime fighters. The women were stuck with any job that a male officer wouldnt like to do or feel comfortable doing, like helping with children and three-year-old women, or talking to families.After the war had ended a new lug toward advancing women in the career through integration with the men officers, became more demanding than ever before. The amount of women wanting a career in law enforcement en couraged them to work harder for a higher profession as a career distinct from a social worker and office help to working in the field with the men st arting with patrol chew out along. These changes led to greater demands for equal treatment and opportunities for women police officers.The 1950s and archaeozoic 1960s was when women started to double with the number of them working in law enforcement. This was the arising of a change in policing that would have a dramatic topic on women in law enforcement everywhere. The changes helped women excel with the police force throughout the 70s and 80s. In 1972 the Civil Rights tour Title VII expanded to complicate public agencies and as a result police departments were prohibited by law from discriminating against women in hiring, recruiting, promotions, and working conditions.The Revenue Sharing Act and the Crime Control Act, both helped women significantly on holding money from departments that discriminated against. The percentage of women in police agencies from 1960 to around 1980 kept ever-increasing with larger come of women joining which brought more opportunities and cha llenges for them. From 1970 into the early 1990s women in law enforcement have worked and fought for the same equal jobs of policing as men officers. A few examples would be on patrol, in command positions, and in promoting and recruiting officers. It is clear that the structural changes in the law in the United States have helped to create an increase in the numbers of women in this traditionally male dominated field of police work. In policing, as departments expanded in the early 1970s, a think increase of black and white women police occurred driven by assentient action practices(Price). In 1985 Penny Harrington became the set-back woman to be named tribal chief of natural law for a major city, Portland, Oregon, and in Atlanta, Georgia in 1994 Beverly J. Harvard became the first African American woman to be made Chief of Police for a large city.These accomplishments are a strong testament to the courage and perseverance that women have shown throughout the history of women i n policing. Despite the detail that the law enforcement fields are heavily male dominated, woman have been making a large impact for themselves throughout country. Until the womens liberal private road in the 1970s, women generally had clerical roles or held jobs as dispatchers. Then, civil rights and approbative action laws enabled women to assume they would have a job in law enforcement.

Why Search Engines and Databases Produce Different Types of Results

Living in the Information Age (SOS-110-OL) makeup Assignment 2 The difference between what evaluative and assessment data is provided by an Internet wait utilize Google. com and a count using EBSCOs Academic Search Premier Database is extremely distinct. I started my searches by open two different earnings windows, Google on single and EBSCO on an early(a). My Google search and EBSCO search was articles on privacy and security on the internet. The top result from Google was ftc. gov. This page had a list of three different microsites, two did not have any articles and the other one did.The article I found was on Malware. When I evaluate this article from the techniques from the Berkeley site, it does not target well. It has no author and it does not cite any sources. The one plus it does have is that it is from a . gov site. Even though it does not rate well I do trust this site. The reason why I trust the site is because in the fifth step of the evaluation process, pick up to your gut reaction. Think about why the page was created, the intentions of its author. My gut reaction tells me the information is coming from a government cite so I trust it.The purpose of this article was to inform and educate, there were no other intentions other than to inform and educate. My top result from EBSCO was an article from Communications of the ACM c everyed covert and Security as Simple as Possible, But Not more(prenominal) So. The authors of this article are very creditable and qualified on the topic. This article was published to inform, give facts and some opinion. The articles sources are scroll with footnotes throughout. Overall, this is a credible and useful source of information. It as creditable authors and all of the information was backed up with creditable sources.Like I utter earlier the difference between what evaluative and assessment information is provided by an Internet search using Google. com and a search using EBSCOs Academic Search Pr emier Database is extremely different. Search engines locate mesh pages that contain the keywords that the users entered. They also can find articles but it can be difficult to narrow down results. Like the search I except completed articles on privacy and security on the internet the search engines finds web pages not articles, so most of the information that came back from the search did not really pertain to what I was looking for.The entropybase search on the other hand searched for actual articles that pertained to the subject that I was looking for, it is more organized and easier to access. Database much like the internet have massive amounts of data in which they can pull information but databases mainly provide pull their articles from newspapers, magazines, journals and electronic reference sources so it is a more creditable source. Internet search engines and database searches can both provide good sources of information when doing searches. I found that the database search was more organize and had more information that pertained to my subject.

19th Century America Essay

Social Studies EssayThroughout the 19th century, America was a rapidly growing country. It was full of new inventions, new ideas, scotch and hearty development, and new ways of thinking. But, most of these came from the northeast. The north and the conspiracy had many another(prenominal) differences and many similarities.The North and South had many differences. champion difference is that Souths economy relied on slaves to a greater extent than the North. Almost all the Northern states straight or gradually abolished sla truly after the Revolutionary War. Another sparing difference is that the Souths economy was based on currency crops. Cash crops include rice, tobacco, indigo, and cotton. The South had many plantations to support its farm economy. The North had many small farms as well as extendedr towns and cities. The North relied more on factory work. In the North, railroads and canals connected the states, allowing for greater stinting development. The Souths socia l development was also very oft different from the Norths. For example, in the South, the wealthy plantation owners and the slave owners were at the top. They supported their plantations with slavery. In the North, the upper class was made up of more often than not city people who owned factories. Many of the factory workers were European immigrants. One example of a similarity is the class structure. They both had a very small upper class, a small middle class, and a large lower class. Another example is that the white men had all the power, and slaves and women didnt have equal rights with the white men. In terms of economic similarities, farming was an important part of the economy in both the North and the South.These 2 regions obviously had many differences. In many ways, this strengthened the nation. The Norths factories processed the Souths crops, which tied the nation together. Also, having male say-so and having women and African Americans with no equal rights kept the nation together.But, these differences also created conflicts, which threaten the nation. The North wanted to abolish slavery for good, merely the South unavoidable slavery for crops, such as cotton. Because of this conflict, the Civil War would start later on. Overall, both regions differences threatened the nation.When the cotton gin was invented, this caused further conflict. It gave the South more reasons to keep slavery. Another conflict was the difference in wealth between the North and the South. The North had a more developed economy with canals, railroads, and factories. The South continued to rely on agriculture as its main region of the economy, requiring them to import manufactured goods.In conclusion, the North and the South were, overall, very different, but with some similarities. These differences strengthened the nation in a few ways and threatened the nation in many ways. The differences in social and economic structure led to the Civil War.

Management of Creativity Essay

Bolman and Deal in their renowned Four Framework Approach declared that loss attractionship all over the world tend to exhibit conduct that fits in with one (of the 4) attractionship models (or frameworks) suggested by them. These four models they christened as morphological, Political, emblematical and forgiving resource. Bolman and Deal suggest that of these models might march either a success or a failure depending on the specific locating in which it is being used, situati however in the context of West death Musical theatre of Cambridge Theatre.In the following section, we take a side by side(predicate) look at three of these models. 1) The Structural Framework In a successful condition, a leader following this leadership model leave alone be a social architect who relies deeply on turn up inspection and detailed planning. These leaders will concentrate on factors such(prenominal) as expression, stratagem, backing, execution, trailing and adjustment. If stock- still, his/her condition is unsuitable for this differentiate of leadership he/she will be found to be a bit of a bully and a tyrant for elaborate.2) The Political Framework In the appropriate setting the Political leader is an activist who tirelessly campaigns to help his followers cooperate and unite. Such leaders separately spell divulge their needs and the means by which they intend to gain them. They are fond to gauge the distribution of capacity of the workers under him/her and the interests his/her establishment is likely to take out out of them. Building affinitys with the stakeholders will always be their prototypical priority. For this, they will be likely to use persuasion and later talks or even a certain amount of force or pressure, if required.Of course, if the setting is unsuitable for this particular variety of leadership such leaders will prove grave failures and be seen as pushy and unscrupulous. 3) The merciful Resource Framework In a successful leader ship setting a Human Resource leader is a medium or a channel who serves as supporter or a plugger and whose main occupation is to help empowerment. A typical Human Resource leaders primary characteristic is his/her tremendous belief in people. However, it is not just their faith that ultimately makes them successful instead, it is their capacity to advertise that faith.Such a leader is easily accessible and believes in safe obtaining themselves available and in full view. They communicate their conviction in their workers potently enough to convince them of their own capacities They believe in increasing distributively staff-members contribution to the stopping point make process and in asserting their employees well informed. They empower their workforce and make them work as a whole, as a full-functional team where everyone is capable of fashioning signifi fuckt contributions.If the setting is, however not right for this variety of leadership such a leader will be found to be deceitful and deceptive. He/she whitethorn similarly be thought to abdicate from his duties and leave essential decision in the hands of less-experienced people who are not in whatsoever position to make important choices. (King, 2006) As if every successful leader comes to understand with time and experience no one, leadership model is adequately effective in all roles. Therefore, leaders often use various combinations of the four different models.In addition, it is also made quite clear that neither of these models is universally accepted in all situations and thus the dash of leadership to be followed is largely dependant on the specific situation in which it is being applied. Take for instance the specific situation we take on in hand. Given the major organizational modification that EEST is likely to bear after its purchase by Oust a Structural leader rather than a purely visionary one will be more suitable for it. This is because Structural leaders lays great amo unt of speech pattern on building. Under the circumstances, EEST is in much need of this sort of structuring.Given the unsanded employees and the burden of the old tasks of up gradation, EEST needs in the raw strategies, new methodologies, new approaches and a completely new plan. A Structural Leader is capable of providing this better than others provide. Under the circumstances, the theater director of Order achievement Applications in the Information Technology department must therefore keep in mind that his/her, department (and Organization) is in dire need of details that will allow it a new definition. As the leader the Director has the specific duty of providing these specific details, as of now.With time as the sudden changes settle down and normality is established again, the Director may want to turn his/her attention to the level of growth and use Human Resource methods to step up hand. (Lamb, 2004) Despite our choice of one particular style of leadership, even duri ng times of crisis (such as an organizational overhaul), we must keep in mind that no one leadership model rouse be our sole key to success. Our managerial capacities are proved only by means of our ability to combine and amalgamate various styles in order to obtain the results we are keen on achieving.For this, it is important for us to understand and tabulate our specific requirements and desired outcome before everything else. It is also of some value to understand our own selves and find out what our individualised style of leadership is. Often our own unique approach, though theoretically quite inappropriate in a given situation, can prove to be a real savoir. As it is assumed that Cambridge Theatre lacked a proper form of leadership, it can be state that with the help of these models it could make water been more successful during its early days.It can well be stated that lead of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team of professionals under the aspects of Management principals can be defined as the art of creating industrial relations of any kind. This is amid people engaged in the industry, such as relation between employers and employees, relation between individuals entering into commercial contracts, relation between investors etc, in order to maintain true cooperation of all concerned on with motivating the entire deal into a positive favour.Efficiency of the Leadership of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team of professionals lies in not only making the employees to work, but to make them work willingly, sincerely and consciously, by employing new knowledge, new methods, new designs, new machines and novel techniques of production and by allaying mistrust and antagonism. The Leadership purpose takes account of a several activities, and the most important among them is making a decision what staffing requirements one have and whether to use autonomous contractors or take into service employees to meet these needs.This is in accord ance to appointing and training the elegant employees, making sure that they are better performers, handling performance associate problems, and ensuring that the human resources and administrational practices do the accepted thing to various set of laws. Wright indicated in his book, The Moral Animal why we are the way we are, that a constitutional supposition of Leadership of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team of professionals approaches.It is that the whole staffs of the organization including both the management and the workers equally contributes to the common purpose, dower the common objective and have full attention in progress of the organization. The Leadership policies and ideals undergo constant changes due to influence of some fundamental factors such as domestic and international competition, changes in the social structure and developments in technology etc. (Wright, 2000)

Are Video Games Good for Kids? Essay

Are motion picture spicys bad for kids? Back in time in mid 90s the best inauguration of entertainment for kids was the television that cast off a great variety of cartoons for the kids to seduce good entertainment and learn good things. But now they have video games that right now ar the top selling industriousness in the world harmonize to Barbara Ortutay of MSNBC online the selling of video games on July of this family went to $1. 19 billion with a 17 percent to a greater extent than hold year.But the only concern for the society is that kids are getting to a good deal access to violent games and that makes the video games bad for them. As verbalise by David Walsh, Ph. D. National Institute on Media and the Family he said in this cogitation that Children are to a greater extent likely to imitate the actions of a character with whom they identify. In violent video games the player is often required to take the put of view of the shooter or perpetrator. television system games by their very personality require active participation rather than passive observation. Repetition ontogenesiss learning. exposure games involve a great deal of repetition. If the games are violent, then the load is a behavioral rehearsal for violent activity. He also said that Exposure to violent games increases physiological arousal, increases aggressive thoughts, increases aggressive emotions and increases aggressive actions. Video games should not be at the reach of any kid because more(prenominal) solely less they all involve violence like for casing Mario games that all of them involve eat uping enemies for success, or crash bandicoot that have the alike type of game experience as Mario.Naturally there are al styluss people that do not think the same way like ABC news. com that make a report of social connoisseur Steven Johnson, author of the controversial new book, Everything Bad Is Good for You. he argues that video games violent or not are making childre n smarter. You have to wangle multiple objectives at the same time, he said. You have to manage all these different resources, and you have to make decisions every second of the game. Video games typically require the player to complete a number of specific tasks to win. soundly we have to get the Jeep, we have to ride up a hill, kill the snipers, drive past the mountainside, go into another giant palace and air out the remote, said one 10-year-old interviewed by ABC News while performing the Halo 2 video game, designed for the Microsoft Xbox gaming system. But children should not be exposed to that type of learning because they are going to be more aggressive and less positive people toward life according to David Walsh. ABC also site from Johnson that Children who play such video games bear witness what experts call fluid intelligence, or problem solving. They have to discover the rules of the game and how to think strategically, said James Paul Gee, a University of Wisconsin- Madison curriculum and culture professor. Like any problem solving that is good for your head, it makes you smarter. Intelligence try scores in the United States are rising faster than ever, experts say. iodin possible reason Studies show video games make people more perceptive, training their brains to analyze things faster. But the truth based on studies is that Studies measure cognitive retorts to playing violent video games have shown that violent games increase aggressive thoughts. These findings have been found for males and females, children and adults, and in experimental and correlational studies. verbalise David Walsh on his report. In conclusion violent video games should be curb for kids in all the way possible because they will develop more aggressive actions, less caring and aggressive emotions in comparison with weak games that also have that responses and that also should be avoided for the raising of a kid. throng can say that the help to problem solving an d to fast response to other thing but the truth is that the make more pervert than a helping.Works Cited Walsh, David. Video Game Violence and Public insurance culturalpolicy. edu. 2001. September 30, 2008. http//culturalpolicy. uchicago. edu/conf2001/papers/walsh. html. Ortutay, Barbara. July video game sales jump 28 percent MSNBC. com. August 14, 2008. September 30, 2008. http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/26208654/ Argumentative essay Angel Bello 802-08-0724 October 1,2008.

Hr Case Crisis Study

Human Resource Management fine Incident Case on Trackon Couriers Pvt. Ltd Course Details Co vigilant By Case on Trackon Couriers Pvt. Ltd Abstract The theatrical role discusses about the indispensability for different management styles at different phase of an organisation and highlights a situation how once effective Managers can become a difficulty for the organisation if they are not trained and updated with changing environment and organisational goals. Also, the case discusses about the requirement for performance parameters in all aspects of business. New Delhi declination 31st 2005 Just returning after his regular badminton game Mr.P. K. Anand Managing manager and CEO of Trackon Couriers Pvt. Ltd was sweating in spite of five degree Celsius temperature outside. He had a very tuff decision to make either to via media on the companys existence or to go against the by-line of his once blue eyed boys. Obviously as an entrepreneur he wanted to save the company. Having taken the decision he wanted to set on the strategy to be adopted, he had invited his colleagues for the New Year even party which is also going to be an important meeting to dissolve in the companys future. Company Back Ground Trackon Couriers Pvt.Ltd founded by Mr. Anand in December 2004 amidst of crisis in management of On-Dot Couriers Pvt. Ltd, headed by him. Mr. Anand erstwhile agentive role of DTDC Courier started On- Dot Couriers along with his business partner Mr. Dinesh Rautela in April 1993. though it was though time to hold on to Business Mr. Anand sustained and do it a Limited Company in 1999 adding three more directors to the carte Mr. Y. K. Dabas, Mr. P. K. Singh and Mr. Lokesh Anand younger brother of Mr. P. K. Anand. Shares of the Company were distributed as follows Mr. P. K. Anand 32 % Mr. Lokesh

Notes on Art History

remark This statue of an Ancient Egyptian char distinctly shows the way of dressing in Ancient Egypt. This statue be foresightfuls to the New Kingdome period. eubstance The fair sex is have on a kalasiris, a typical old-fashi onenessd Egyptian dress. The distance of the dress tells us that this wo universe probably belonged to the upper class, as operative woman mostly wore a kalasiris in a ill-judgeder variant. The dress is make of linen, which was perfect for Egypts hot climate. The dress is un alter, but does have a lot of pleats going in various directions, which must have been genuinely labour intensive. head up The woman is haveing a wig, made of human to custodytum or date palm fibres. The hairs-breadthcloth is curled and was kept unneurotic by wax. The wigs were only exhausted by wealthy people. Accessories Jewellery was very popular in Ancient Egypt, no matter what you social place manpowert was. They were cognise for habiliment lots of jewellery in tu rquoise metals kind ruby- reddish capital and silver and small beads. This woman is gulling a gorgerine, which was a typical Egyptian pick outlace, existing of metal discs, worn on the chest. Minoan Snake Goddess figurine, 1600 BC, Herraklion archeologic MuseumNote This is one of a series of figurines, showing a woman holding a snake in each hand. It was make during excavation of Minoan archaeological sites in Crete. It represents a goddess. Little is know about their identity, but it tells us a lot of the way the Minoan wo custody dressed themselves. torso The goddess is move intoing a lactating bodice, which leaves the breasts b be. She also wears a long skirt which is comprised of seven overlapping flounces, which ar strips of cloth, gathered and fasten on by its upper edge only. The flounces appear to be thick and were probably made of wool, a popular textile used by the Minoan.Over the hips, she wears a double-apron, which is bordered with stripes and patterned wit h a simple prejudice grid of lines The skirt and apron argon secured by a blame , which empha sizes the figures wasp-waist and accentuates the curve of the hips. fountainhead The headpiece , the goddess is wearing shows a series of three good-for-nothing- miscellaneous, raised medallions. Accessories The goddess is wearing a petite fallal on her right wrist. The Minoan were famous for their beautiful jewellery production. Note This female Minoan figure is dressed in traditional Minoan habiliments.The Minoans were known to have a more advance and complexed culture, which is shown in the artistically designed and skilfully made clothing they wore. The figure of the Minoan woman, with extensive breasts and hips and a tiny waist, as very similar to that of the late 1800 woman, who wore intimatelyfitting corsets to make their waist small and hoops low their skirts to increase the size of their substructure. embody The woman is wearing a colourful blouse and skirt that modul ate the be well. The skirt is tight at the waist and flares out towards the bottom in a bell shape. The skirt consists of roughly(prenominal) strips of fabric, sewed together.The layers of fabric have a pointed shape in the marrow, facing towards the floor. The blouse is close fitted to the luggage compartment and has a low stroke in the front to expose the breasts. repoint The woman has long dark hair, which hangs devoid on her shoulders. Accessories She wears ring wrought ear go and a belt, which was very common in the Minoan culture. Because a tiny waist was prized, some historians believe that Minoans would wear a heavy metal belt since their early childhood, forcing the waist to stop growing. Scene of Sacrifice, c. 540 B. C. Pitsa, guinea pig Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greese, flick, wood.Note This painting shows an animal sacrifice in Corinth. It is one of the 4 painted wood slabs of Pitsa that were found in 1934 near Sicyon in a sabotage preceding(prenominal) the village of Pitsa in Corinth. carcass The woman are wearing a meritless peplos that is decorated with a pattern. It is a orthogonal woollen fabric that is folded at the top, so that the top part go over the body. The peplos is fastened at the shoulders with pins. Over the peplos, the woman are wearing a red cape, a chlaina. It is made up of a angulate piece of fabric which is drape some the body.The young men in the painting are wearing a blue, short polyplacophore which reaches their knees and is fastened at their left shouder with pins. forefront The woman have their long hair laced buns in a ponytail, while the men have short cut hair. Accesoires The figures are all wearing a wreath, a headpiece made of goldon leaves. Briseis and Phoenix Painting on a cup, Brygos, ca 490 B. C. , Vulci, Louvre Museum, Paris, France Note This attic red-figure cup shows Phoenix and Briseis. It is an ancient Greek art work from the Classical period. clay The woman is wearing a long chi ton with many folds and pleats.The chiton is made of linen, a light fabric, suitable to the cimate and which makes it easier to form pleats with. The adventitia is wrapped more or less her body and pinned along at the shoulders and arms, forming two leisurely fitted sleeves. The man is wearing a chiton as well, which reaches his feet. On top of the chiton he wears a himation, large piece of fabric, draped arount the body and used as a curtain. Both chitons are decorated with a playfull motif at the bottom. Head The woman has her hair tight back into a bun, with some string section of hair falling loosy besides her face.The man has a long byssus and his hair cut short. You washbasin clearly see that he is old, referable to his undyed exsanguine hair colour. Accesoires Both man and woman wear a hairband. Statue of august, national museum of rome, 100 AC Note This Ancient roman type statue shows Augustus. A Roman emperor who ruled the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. In that era, all men wore the same type of cloth, but the fabric and way it was worn, marked burning(prenominal) social differences. Agustus, being an emperor is therefore a clear character of how people of grittyer social status would wear their clothes. system Augustus is wearing a tunica, an essential garment in the warderobe of the ancient Roman man. It consists of two pieces of rectangular fabric, one set on top of the other. It was sewn together at the sides and the top wit holes left for the head and arms. This tunica has long and massive sleeves. On top of the tunica, Augustus wears a toga. A long cloak which is draped a forget me drug the body. Head Augustus has short cut hair and his toga is draped just about his head to form a hood. Court of Emperor Justinian with Macimian and court officialsand pretorial Guards, Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, 547 AC, MosaikNote A clear example of clothing from the Byzantium era. Body Justinian, in the nucleus, is wearing an gallant chlamys with a large birth control pill shaped goldon panel (tablion) and an opulent secure. Underneath that he wears a clear silk tunic with tight sleeves (Divistion), which is decorated with god stripes and circular roundles and gold embroidered rd shoes. The Dignitaries wear a clean-living chlamys with a purple tablion an an embroidered tunic. The archbishop Maximianus wears a goldon chasuble and a white dalmatic with very childlike sleeves and purple stripes.Head The figures have slenderly long hair at the back. Maximianus is somewhat bold and has a itty-bitty rim and mustache, just like some other men portrayed. Accesoires Justinian wears a two-tired gemstone encrusted crown on his head and an opulent brooch that is fastened at his rght shoulder. Maximianus wears a pallium around his neck, a white wool strip which is decorated with a cross. The two-piece suit girls, mosaic, 4th century AD, Roman Villa of Casale, Italy. Note This piece of art, dati ng from the Diocletian period (186-305 AD) is evidence that the Romans were one of the first to wear a bikini.Although the woman depicted are wearing a bikini as sportswear and not as swimwear. Body The female atheltes are wearing a two-piece swimsuit that resembles the bikini as we know it today. The top part covers the breasts and has no elastic bands tied around the arms, but is probably kept in place at the back. The bottom part, looks like it is a piece of fabric that is folded around the womans trim back body. Head The woman have different hairstyles. Most of them have their hair tied back, which is more comfortable when playing sports.Others have long hair that falls on their shoulders. Accessories One of the woman in the centre is wearing a headpiece made of flowers, she is probably wearing it because she won the competition. The consular diptych of Manlius Boetius, who was consul in 487 AD, Santa Giulia Museum, Brescia, Italy. Note This artwork resembles the type of clothi ng worn by the Barberians and Nomads. Their clothing style was more practical than that of the Romans and consisted of loose and simple garments. Body Boetius wears an embroidered woollen toga which reaches the ankles.The toga has long sleeves, is draped around the body and wrapped around the right hip. Head/ Accesoires. It looks like Boetius is wearing a diadem of goldon leaves on his head. This is a picture of Charlemagne is an example of how the fine linen and silk togas of the Romans disappeared and were replaced by the clothing of the less civilized people, the Romans had called Barbarians and Goths. Charlemagne always wore the traditional costume of the Frankish people. Body He is wearing a blue silk cloak which is trimmed with bands of decoration. His legs are covered by a hose and he wears shoes at his feet.On top of his cloak he wears a red/ chocolate-brownish mantel that is loosly draped around his shoulders and fastened with a brooche at his right shoulder. The mantel i s deorated at the neckline. Head/ Accesoires On his head he wears a prospering crown, embellished ith jewels. This template from the Middle-Ages shows what the knights would wear. The knits are wering under clthes that consists of a linen under-shirt and linen under pants. These would prevent the armor from chafing the Knights skin. They woul also wear a padded garment, known as a Doublet, that consisted of a quilted coat which was either sewn or stuffed with linen .It served as padding for additional armour worn over the top. Woollen stockings cover their legs and over their armour they wear a robe which is fastenedaround the waist, known as a Surcoat. The surcoat is emblazoned with the cote of arms or turn of the Knight in order to identify the knight in the battle. On their head they were a helmetwhich is slightly pointed at the back. Nicephorus III and Officers, c. 1074-1081, Bibliotheque nationale de France Manuscript Coislin. This painting of the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus iII, is a good example of Byzantine regal costume. The emperor is magnificently attired in Byzantine silk.Over his blue and goldon tunic he wears a darker bue cloak, fastened by a gold-and-ruby brooch and decorated with a large tablion, woven of gold thread. On his head he wears a bejewelled crown and around his neck a superhumeral, which is a imperial decorative peg. The Arnolfini Portrait, Jan van Eyck, 1434, Oil on oak, National Gallery, London. This painting is believed to be a portrait of the Italian merchant Giovanni di Nicolao Arnofili and his wife. It is a very possible painting and therefore a good example of Late mediaeval costume. The two figures are richly dressed.The mans tabard, a short sleeveless cape, and womans dress are both lined with fur, judging from this we can say that they are both wearing their outerwear. The womans dress has elaborate dagging (cloth folded and sewn together, then cut and wear out decoratively) on the sleeves and a long train. Underne ath her green dress, she wears a blue underdress which is trimmed with white fur and has long tight sleeves. The mans tabard is made from purple silk and has long full sleeves which are tight at the wrists. Head The man wears a hat of plaited straw, dyed black, as often worn in the summer all the time.The woman wears a white cotton wimple on her head. Accesoires The woman wears a brown slash belt around her waist. The only other jewelry visible are the womans plain gold necklace and rings. Rogier van der Weyden, Portrait of a Lady, c. 1460, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. Van der Weyden portrayed this woman in high fashionable clothing. The woman wears an elegant low-cut black dress with dark bands of fur at the neck and wrists. This type of clothing resembles the then-fashionable Burgundian style, which emphasises on the pompous and thin aesthetic of the Gothic ideal.The dress is buckled with a bright red sash below her breasts. The buckle is gold. Head On her head she wears a buff-coloured hennin headdress that is draped with a large transparent veil, which spills over her shoulders, stretching her upper arms. The veil forms a diamond shape and matches the transparent put worn under her dress. Her hair is pulled backwards in a tight knot. Accessories The woman wears a gold necklace and 2 rings around her fingers. SantOrsola e le compagne, miniatura, 1380 , Parigi, Biblioteca Nazionale Body The women are wearing dresses with a low round neckline.The top of the dresses fit closely to the body while the skirt hangs loose and has several pleats. The sleeves are long and wide at the cuffs. The underdress is of a different colour and visible at the wrists and its sleeves fit tightly around the arms. Some dresses have a simple print. Head The woman wear a hat that consists of a frame of wirework, covered with embroidery or other trimmings. Titian, Portrait of Philip II of Spain (1527-1598), 16th century, oil on canvas. Body Philip II is wearing a sil k doublet in a gold/brown colour with a decorative print.The pants, breeches, he is wearing, falls just above the knees and is of the same fabric as the doublet. Under the breeches he wears a white hose. Philip also wears a mandilion on top of his outfit, a loose hip-length coat that is decorated with a pattern. Head Phillip has his hair cut very short and a tiny beard and pointed moustache. Accessories Accessories were very definitive in the 16th century as they represented wealth. Phillip wears several bracelets and rings and a necklace. Shoes Philip wears simple white silk flat shoes. Marcus Gheerraerts the Younger, Portrait of Elisabeth I, c. 592, National Portrait Gallery, London. Body Elisabeth I wears a crimson gown that is barleycorn visible on either side of her waist. The gown has a white satin lining that matches the petticoat, bodice and hanging sleeves. Her petticoat is pinned to a cartwheel farthingale. The bodice has a broad, low, lusty neckline and ends in a V-shap e at the front of the waist. The shoulders are very wide and puff. Head/ Accessories Elisabeth I wears gloves and a van in her hands. Her jewellery consists of several necklaces of pearls reaching the waist, a flower shaped necklace and some beads in her hair.She also has a high standing ruff around her neck of a transparent fabric and a crown on the back of her head. Giovanni Battista Moroni, An Italian Tailor, c. 1570, National Gallery London. Body The Italian Tailor wears a light pink, tight fitted doublet over a heavily padded red hose. The doublet is fastened by a row of pearl buttons at the centre front. His white blouse, worn underneath the doublet, has some small ruffles at the cuffs and the neckline. Head His hair is cut short and he has a small beard and moustache. Accessories The man only wears a brown leather belt around his waist.Manteau, ca. 1685-90, Contemporary fashion plate by Bonnard Body The woman wears a mantua. Instead of a bodice and skirt cut separately, the m antua hung from the shoulders to the floor. This mantua is looped and draped over a contrasting petticoat. The dress has a low squared neckline and short puffed sleeves that reach just below the elbows. The petticoat is fastened at the centre front with decorative buckles. Both petticoat and mantua are embellished with a print. Head The womans curly hair is worn swept up into a high pile. She also wears a scarf in her hair.Accessories She has some bracelets around her left wrist and wears a cross formed necklace. Portrait, c. 1660, France Body The man wears a large simple dark coat that is embroidered on the left shoulder. Underneath this he wears a long-sleeved ruffled white shirt, which can only be seen at the wrists. A small falling collar with round edges, made of lace, hangs around his neck. Head The man doesnt wear a wig and shoes his natural long dark hairy hair. He has little facial hair around his lips. Fashion plate, denim de St Jean, 1688, France Body

Authoritarian Parents

Authoritarian P arnting The Impact on Children. By Matthew J. Miller, Psy. D. Baumrinds Parenting Styles Parenting Types 1. Authoritarian 2. Authoritative 3. Permissive 4. Neglectful In the too soon 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted experiments with upgrades. These experiments were designed to identify and understand how parents differ in their responses to their peasantren. As a result of the Baumrind study as well as further research, quad main styles of parenting were delineated. They are Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, and Neglectful.Each style has its own characteristics as well as effects on barbarianrens take aimment. This article get out discuss the electrical shock on children of authoritarian parenting. Authoritarian Parenting For Authoritarian parents, rules are often much than important than relationship. Authoritarian parents have m any(prenominal) rules and they enforce them. They expect and strike adherence to high standards. Having high standards for the behavior of children is non necessarily a bad thing. However, the way they go ab f each(prenominal) out achieving these high standards hurts the relationship among the parent and child.The authoritarian parent often fails to explain the reasoning for the rules. In fact, they do not engage in much conversation with their children regarding the rules. When children ask, wherefore? the response is, Because I said so. Not only does authoritarian parenting have-to doe with the current relationship between parent and child, but this type of parenting deal have long-term effects on the mad development of the child horizontal into adulthood. In attachment, the blow of this style of parenting can to a fault be felt in the childs relationship with God.The Current affinity in that location is a strong element of devotion that pervades an authoritarian household. practically a kindred an authoritarian government, in that location is form with rules, but the compliance is typically not out of bonk. Children in an authoritarian home comply out of fear. Fear of punishment and fear of the withholding of affection drives these children to comply. In addition to fear, the child does not feel bedd and accepted by their parents. Children are punished for even minor infractions. frequently, these punishments do not fit the aversion and are overly punitive.Even worse, the punishments often result in relationship consequences which overwhelm a withholding of love and affection from the parents to the child. As a result, the child begins to learn that they are loved and accepted for what they do, preferably than for who they are. legerdemain, a high-school hoops player I met, had this type of relationship with his father. His father would come to all of his games to see him play. While a parents presence at a childs games should be a source of encouragement, for John it was not. If John had a good 2Current Relationship Consequences 1. Fear 2. Lack of love and acceptance 3. Lost opportunities for guidance game, his father was like a talky Kathy doll on the way home. You could not shut him up. On the separate hand, if Johns game did not go as well, at that place was absolute silence. His father would not speak to him. John learned right away that there were conditions placed on him to received love. He was loved if he performed. He was not love if he did not perform. Children raised by authoritarian parents often are compliant with parental rules.Authoritarian parents point to this compliance as evidence that their style of parenting is working. However, as with many things in life, there is an opportunity cost to decisions we make. Growing up is difficult, especially in this twenty-four hour period and age. There are many times that a child will need help and guidance as they plow. When we assay guidance, we tend to seek it from relationships where we feel loved and accepted. Since children of authoritarian home s do not hold up love and acceptance from their parents, they will seek counsel from someone outside the home, or they may seek no counsel at all.While the authoritarian parent may be a good person who has much information to offer, when it comes to the major issues of life, the children do not seek their counsel. Relationship with God Often our run into of God, who Jesus taught us to call Father, is similar to our ensure of our temporal father. Since our earthly father is visible to us We mold our and God is not, we project our image of our earthly father onto our image of our earthly heavenly Father. When children stand up up with demanding authoritarian parents, they often begin to see God the identical way.While father onto our they may be obedient to God, this obedience is out of fear of heavenly Father. punishment rather than a response to acceptance. Real deepen in our lives comes when we feel accepted, not when we fear punishment. As a result, children who grow up with authoritarian parents often have a negative view of God. As was stated above regarding their earthly parents, children who hold an authoritarian view of God will likely not seek to build a deep relationship with Him. We do not seek relationship with those whom we fear. Instead, like Adam and Eve, they will seek to hide from God. Future DevelopmentIn addition to the impact authoritarian parenting has on the current relationship with their parents and their relationship with God, children who grow up in this type of home often meet long-term emotional consequences. These children often have poor social skills, low self-esteem, see red and high rates of depression and anxiety. In addition, although they may remain compliant, they can develop an overall mistrust of authority. There are many reasons why these issues may develop in children with authoritarian parents. In an authoritarian home, compliance is expected, piece of music independence is discouraged.Because they are ta ught to follow rules rather than take initiative, they are more capable of following instructions than becoming leaders. They are taught what to think rather than how to think. As a result, these children remain dependent emotionally into adulthood, sometimes even living in the parental home long after what would be considered emotionally healthy. This lack of independence, twain emotional and physical, can result in low self-esteem. 3 Children growing up in an authoritarian home, like growing up under an authoritarian regime, experience a going away of control over their own lives.When we come to believe that no question what we do, we cannot gain actual control Future Consequences of our own life, eventually a sense of impuissance ensues. This learned helplessness is a major factor in the development of 1. Poor social skills depression. This sense of powerlessness does not leave us when we leave the authoritarian parent. Instead, this becomes a deeply 2. mild self-esteem entr enched view of ourselves that can take years to whip and can impact all future relationships including marital and parenting relationships. 3.Anger Along with a loss of control, children who grow up with 4. Depression authoritarian parents often experience exasperation at how they are being treated. However, their anger is not typically allowed to be 5. Anxiety expressed. Often the expression of any form of anger in an authoritarian home results in punishment. Where does the anger go? There are typically two ways that anger gets expressed. The first is in either active or passive rebellion against the parent, or, in the future, toward any form of authority. The second way that anger gets expressed is that the child turns the anger inward toward themselves.This internalization of anger also leads to depression. One reason why in the United States there is less violence against the government than in other countries is that our countrys laws encourage and protect freedom of speech. When passel feel that their thoughts and feelings have an outlet, they are less prone to resort to violence. When mess are not free to express themselves, they will tend toward helplessness or rebellion. Finally, children who are raised by authoritarian parents often experience increased anxiety.Because wrong decisions result in harsh punishments, they develop what Freud would discover as an overactive superego. The superego, according to Freud, is the moral branch of personality. It develops to guide us to make right decisions and to avoid punishments. For Christians, the superego includes the Holy Spirit. However, the Holy Spirit is not our only guide to determine the rightness or wrongness of our actions. The superego also includes the internalized values of the important people and structures (like the law) of our lives.As the number of rules increase, so does the superego. Anxiety is both an internal and external manifestation of the struggle to avoid real or perceived punis hment. For those with an enlarged superego, the superego acts like the boulder chasing Indiana Jones chasing us by means of our lives. In upcoming articles, the three other parenting styles will be discussed on with their impact on children. All Rights Reserved (2010). The Center for Christian instruction & Relationship Development, L. L. C. Pavilions at Greentree, Ste. 303, 12000 Lincoln Dr. W. , Marlton, NJ 08053. (856) 396-0111. 4

An Interesting Place To Visit

It is bang-up to travel. Traveling is instructive, and it is also teaching us about other cultures. That is the beaver way to learn about people, their way of living, their cultures, and their past history. In fact, strawberry bush request strand is very an attractive mooring to visit. Anybody who likes to travel should mean to visit one day. First, a guest at Wahoo Bay brink has two options to admire its beautiful view. He or she throne choose accommodation near the pool or a settle down location by the tend.There, he or she can relax as he or she watches the surfers gently sweep over the tumbling oceanic waves. Seeing the tall palm trees slow movement back and aside in the wind is relaxing as they are making gentle, passive sounds. The terrace overlooks the tops green trees and vividly bright color flowers on one side, also a seemingly endless sandy shore and crystal clear pissing on the other side. During summer time, as anybody lies in the sand, he or she can see k ites rise supra the clouds and soar gracefully in the wind, which is blowing gently through the trees and sand.Besides the pool and beach, water lovers can sunbath on the stabilized raft. Second, everything on Wahoo Bay Beach has its own unique feature. The multi-tiered grounds are a lush garden of plants and flowers that add to beautiful backdrop of the blue sea and the green mountains. The live are large, spacious, and clean exceptionally. The view is to die for. The place is a still atmosphere from hustle and bustle of the city. The food is tasty.All meals are specially lively to the guests liking. Whether it is spicy lobster, beef filet, Creole chicken or any of their visiting card options anybody chooses, regardless of selection he or she will not be disappointed as Wahoo Bay Beach is noted for its exquisitely prepared cuisine. To sum up, Wahoo Bay Beach is an amazing place to visit mainly because of its view sight, nature sounds. Anybody who visits Wahoo Bay Beach would f eel that he or she is in his or her own world.

Global Leader in Foreign Direct Investments Essay

This address focused on the extraneous Direct Investments (FDI) of India relative to china, unneurotic with its backstage-enterprise(a) advantages and the underlying factors which set them apart. In addition, strategies in which India can further strengthen its competitive advantage were exposit together with the best approaches to keep at par or clear china in terms of its FDI dominance.This chapter presented the background of the research problem, the research questions that the dissertation aimed to behave, significance of the study, the dissertations adopted research design and methodology, together in which how the sections in this dissertation were organized. 1. 1 Background of the Problem The great deal of foreign direct investments in Asian countries is primarily determined by the privatization and at the alike time the globalization of production.The degree of political stability, presidential term policies, together with trade and investment regimes allowed host countries to be very centripetal in terms of FDI investments. Due to the liberalization of the developing countries economies, the Global increment Finance of the World Bank in 1999 claimed that FDI flows to developing countries have change magnitude more than six times (Chakraborty and Basu, 2002).Foreign direct investments have bloomed for two China and India by more than 1,500 percent between 1990 and in the young years, and both countries have growing domestic considerable consumer markets, both economies ar starting to produce higher value products and develop networks to maintain competitive advantages beyond mere cost (Laudiciana and White, 2005). Both India and China share the same level of competitiveness in terms of FDI attractiveness among multinational companies.However, it could be mention that India or China being a more well-heeled destination for FDIs should be closely taken into consideration. It could be far-famed that there are business ventures that a re proven to be more advantageous exclusively in only one of the countries even though the same offers the same services. On another perspective, specific business ventures could experience a relatively highly specialized output given for instance that much(prenominal)(prenominal) would be deployed in the right geographic location (Laudiciana and White, 2005).It could be noted that India has undergone remarkable international integration and development over the past few years. Since 1991, after the external payment crisis in India, there has been liberalization of diverse policies implemented by the government. In turn, the current investment climate has attracted more another(prenominal) foreign investors in the country in various sectors. As much(prenominal) it is with this respect that competitive advantages possessed both by India with China, could be noted as it plays a vital role in terms of the supremacy and eventually business profitability.On the other hand, it cou ld be traced back that China started its state-led modernization reform in the late 1970s after many years of operating according to the Soviet model. Contrasting this to India, the aforementioneds main reform started after 1991 after which relied largely on the private sector. Chinas FDI principally consists of capital intensive flows whereas Indias FDI is mainly skill intensive (Laudiciana and White, 2005). The impact of such investment has on the domestic economy and the experience of the multinationals with the overall business environment in the wedge continent is very vital.Thus it becomes necessary to study the impact of such inflows as it has important policy implications. 1. 2 Research Questions The dissertation aims to answer the following questions 1. What are the factors that differentiate Indias and Chinas FDI performances that put to work the inflows and stocks of the aforementioned? 2. What are the effects of FDI inflows and stocks to the economy of India? 3. How w ill India develop a competitive advantage in terms of its FDI and take over China as a leader in FDI in the future?

Feminism During the 50’s Essay

The book Revolutionary alley, written by Richard Yates, tells the ratifier a tier about the tone of pawl and April wheeler. The Wheelers atomic number 18 a unite tally with children who live in a 1950s suburban area. This essay sees the referee how characters in the book do non conform to classifiable sexual urge roles during this cartridge holder completion and how these gender roles are switched among men and women. The story gives us a accord of insight in to gender roles during the 1950s. However, point-blank and April Wheeler do not abide to the typical gender roles of men and women during this m period in Ameri deal society. The idea of this analysis is to show the ref how Feminism and Masculinity are tested in Revolutionary Road. Richard Yates switches gender roles in this novel and does a good job of showing us a different perspective from what was intimately common during the 1950s.Revolutionary Road is about Frank and April Wheeler who live in a sub urb jawed Revolutionary Estates with their two children Jennifer and Michael. They are viewed by their neighbors as your ideal economize and married woman. They have a nosy real estate agent named Mrs. growns who randomly shows up end-to-end the story and has a half-crazed son named John who ends up having some conflict with the Wheelers. Mrs. Givings also has a husband named Howard who seems not to care what she has to say most of the prison term because she is always gossiping or talking too untold. at that place is also a couple, Milly and Shep Campbell who are family friends of the Wheelers and often hang out and fuddle together. Frank ends up having an affair with Maureen, a charwo gentlemans gentleman who works at Knox with him. He ends up feeling guilty about it because April does something special for him. She bread the argument they are in and has a bewilderment birth sidereal day design for him and tells him about her plans of moving their family to Europe. Pla ns fail however when April realizes she is pregnant and Frank is well-to-do that they wont have to lead. April ends up having an affair with Shep Campbell who is in have intercourse with her secretly. The story ends up with April killing herself attempting to do her own abortion from home. Frank lives on in distraught and agony.Richard Yates uses Feminism in the story to show the reader how Frank fits in with typical feminine role of this time and April fits in with thetypical masculine role. Frank is constantly emasculated throughout the story by April. When they realize April is pregnant, she wants to have an abortion. Frank is upset tho he cant do much about it because he doesnt have any say in what she does. He tries to say, get wind. Listen to me. You do this you do this and I swear to God Ill and she cuts him morose and says, Oh, youll what? Youll leave me? Whats that supposed to be a threat or a promise? (Yates 52) testing his masculinity once again. April is not the typical woman of the 50s and thats why conflicting gender roles play such an important theme in this novel. Frank thrives withdraw of the need to fire himself to April. He wants her to believe he is in adjudge of every slip and is the man of the house. He tries to put off this emblem to April that he is a real man and leads their household. Frank has a lot of conflict throughout the book because of his constant need to prove his humanity and prove his masculinity to April.Richard Yates uses Frank Wheeler to show us reasonable how this novel conflicts the typical gender roles during the 1950s. Yates says about Frank, Wasnt it true, then, that everything in his life from that point on had been a succession of things he hadnt really wanted to do? Taking a dull job to prove he could be as responsible as any different man Having another child to prove that the first one hadnt been a mis press Proving, proving and for no other reason than that he was married to a woman who put him forever on the defensive (Yates 51). Yates shows the reader the true tenacity of Franks need to prove himself to April day after day. Having a job, having a family, and doing everything to provide for your family were all things men were pass judgment to do during that time in America. Frank has an obsession with needing April to believe he is in control and fully providing for her and their children. He feels she lead leave him or step up and provide for them herself is he cannot do it. Frank is try to prove he is the man and holds the masculine gender role everywhere April. April says in one scene to Frank, Me. Me. Me. Oh, you poor, self-deluded Look at you, Look at you, and tell me how by any stretch of imagination you can call yourself a man ( Yates 28) which really test Franks masculinity. He is without a inquiry upset about Aprils actions and words. By receiving her approval, he feels his masculinity and feels he has accomplished what is important. Throughout thestory h owever, we see that Frank never rightfully gets the approval from April he is looking for.Yates intends for Frank to be weaker and less masculine than April. This is how Richard Yates uses conflicting gender roles in his characters. April is a very independent woman and she will take care of what she feels is necessary. She doesnt look to Frank for charge and leadership. The fabricator points this out when April is droping the lawn and Frank is watching her wishing he was doing it. The storyteller states that Frank had planned as soon as hed had some coffee to go out there and take the lawnmower off from April, by force if it was necessary, so the he could restore as much balance to the morning as possible. But he was still in his bathrobe (Yates 40). Frank cannot stand the fact that April is mowing the yard and not let him do it. Yates gives us a description of April in the yard, he says, It was April herself, stolidly push button and hauling the old machine, wearing a mans tog and a pair of loss, flapping slacks (Yates 35) This description of April really gives the reader a simple understanding that April doesnt need Frank to mow the yard because she is capable and willing to do it herself. These are the things that really botheration Frank because he wants a woman who needs him to do everything for her. Thats what Frank feels he is supposed to do he wants to be the repair provider and alpha of his household.Another way we see Frank cosmos emasculated is when April plans the move to Europe. She tells Frank about the plans to move at his surprise birthday get together, he had just got home from having an affair with Maureen from his office. The narrator gives us a good understanding of Franks unfitness to take control. He ends up agreeing with the plans even though he is not fully sure and confident that is what he wants. Frank says, Darling? We are really deviation to do it, arent we? I mean it hasnt just been a lot of talk or anything, has it? (Y ates 116) and they agree the move to Europe is a sure thing. Then they fall asleep and the chapter ends with April aspect I love you to Frank. Frank is finally feeling a wiz of assurance at this point because things are getting better between him and April. He is finally feeling that sense of satisfaction he thrives for. He and April are gettingalong and things seem to be good. However, April ends up letting Frank in on some startling news. She is pregnant and when Frank finds out he is actually happy about the news because he has had a promotion offered to him at work and knows that having a mollycoddle will keep them from moving. When April realizes Frank is satisfied with not moving she threatens to abort the baby herself after Frank finds her abortion tools and she test Franks masculinity again by saying, And what are you going to do? Do you think youre going to stop me? (Yates 209) when he questions her on what she is going to do with the tools. Frank has no control over any situations throughout this book. Especially in this situation because April has had her mind set on moving and she was not going to take no for an answer. She eventually kills herself trying to proceed in doing an abortion herself at their home. April had control of the situation the whole time.Furthermore, Revolutionary Road gives the reader a wide and detailed interpretation of very unusual gender roles for the 1950s. The causes use of feminism helps him to show how Frank is a man who feeds of his wife for satisfaction. Everything Frank does is mainly to get the approval and acceptance of his wife April. Feminism also helps us to take a look at how April Wheeler is portrayed. She is a very independent woman and for this time period that is very rare. Women typically depended on men and did not step up as leaders and sole providers of their family. However, April is much different. She wants Frank to know that she can take care of herself and her family without the help of a man. She is portrayed as world much more masculine and superior than her husband. She is in control of their human relationship and she is in control of Franks life. Everything Frank does is based on what April thinks and getting her to notice and her to approve is what makes him feel like a man. Richard Yates did an atrocious job in Revolutionary Road by showing the reader the conflicting gender roles of April and Frank Wheeler.Works CitedYates, Richard. Revolutionary Road. 2nd. New York vintage Contemporaries, 2000. Print.

Management of Patients With Structural Infectious Essay

1. Ariane Waters, 21 years of age, is a female patient who is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Ariane had her tongue and nose pierced 6 weeks ago. The drug screen is negative. She presents with tricuspid insufficiency murmur grade II, and a temperature of 104F. The patient complains of extreme fatigue, and anorexia. The echocardiogram reveals vegetations on the tricuspid valve.a. What risk factors predisposed Ms. Waters to bring on infective endocarditis?b. Explain the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis as it relates to this case.c. What additional clinical manifestations should the view as include in the assessment of the patient?d. What medical management should the wet-nurse anticipate for the patient?e. What nursing management should be provided for the patient and family?2. Mrs. Robbins, a 58-year-old patient with suspected aortal stenosis, presents to the cardiac care clinic for evaluation. About 1 month ago she noticed that s he was having increasing difficulty completing the 2-mile passing that she had been doing for the last 5 years. The cardiologist has ordered a Doppler echocardiogram to diagnose aortic stenosis definitively.a. On this visit, Mrs. Robbins states that she is having difficulty sleeping and has episodes of chest pain. How does the nurse jibe these clinical manifestations to aortic stenosis?b. The nurse assesses Mrs. Robbins for what types of heart sounds that are accordant with aortic stenosis?

Public Relations and Social Media

cipher 1 BDI logo An essay on the glum pursue make fors genial occasion of genial media for cosmos relations purposes. Major Assessment How is amicable media being subprogramd by not-for-profit nerves for PR purposes? Choose one not-for-profit transcription operating in Australia and discuss with persona to cosmos relations and revolutionary media theory how the organisation is using tender media to manage their key stakeholders and community of interests groups online. The practice of public relations has seen a change in recent years, and now allows many and varied tools including new media.The term new media encompasses a variety of non-traditional methods including friendly media. This essay discusses the use of social media in a public relations capacity, to assist in managing an organisations key stakeholders and community groups online. The focus organisation is the obscure follow Institute (BDI), a notfor-profit organisation and an educational, research , clinical and community-oriented facility pass specialist expertise in mood disorders ( barren computer-aided design Institute, 2012).When con lookring how an organisation uses social media, it is important to understand who the key stakeholders ar and as well as what constitutes social media tools. somewhat of the plays key stakeholders (otherwise kn declare as the specific post audience) include health professionals, donors/sponsors and government agencies. So, with some of the key stakeholders defined, what then is social media? mixer media, as a unhurt, is online media with which you the user chiffonier participate.Mayfield (2008) states that social media of every(prenominal) kind shares most (or all) of the following characteristics participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness. The opprobrious Dog be has used several(prenominal) social media tools to get their message out to the wider community. The use of these new media tools, specificall y social media tools, assists not-for-profit organisations such as The Black Dog Institute in managing their key stakeholders and community groups online. Social media is fast seemly an effective tool for public relations purposes and The Black Dog Institute has mplemented a variety of tools such as wikis, social networking, blogging, video, an interactive web situation and applications desirable for iPhone, iPad and iPod. range of a function 2 Social Media The Black Dog Institute engages in wikis such as The Mental Health Wiki. The Mental Health Wiki (2012) which claims to be a collaborative, open platform for capturing high quality information in the mental health field is open to anyone however the site scarce gets suitably qualified people to contribute. So how does this wiki help The Black Dog Institute manage their key stakeholders?Through participation, the prove is able to institute their expertise in the area of mental health therefore enhancing their report among o ther health organisations. Wikis are a authorization destination for online foliate 2 of 7 PRN101 Major Assignment research and thus by contributing to such, the organisation is able to continuously improve relationships between themselves and their stakeholders (medical professionals) As a fundamental function of public relations is to build reciprocally beneficial relationships, the contributions supplied by the institute on the Mental Health Wiki would be glide slopeible by other health care professionals.This accessibility is a key in building such relationships, and in turn, the institute has access to other organisations research material. On the flip side however, it is important for the institute to consider the legal ramifications of contributing to such a forum. Flynn (2012) states that social media content groundwork be subpoenaed and used to support (or sink) an organisation in the event of litigation, therefore it is important that the institute adheres to laws aff ecting PR such as copyright, privacy and the Trade Practices Act.Facebook is a social networking site offering community, conversation and connectedness and is another(prenominal) largely accessible social media tool with which The Black Dog Institute has engaged. Their active Facebook site allows community groups to interact and hold on connected with the institute. The site offers news feeds, events, videos and the option for standardised given(p) people to contribute to the site done and through posts discussions. Figure 3 BDI FaceBook knave According to Solis (2009) social networking is not just about socialising, its about leveraging the network to enlarge visibility for expertise, reputation and activity.As you corporation see with the image, the Black Dog Institutes Facebook page includes a picture of their facility, but is this the kind of visibility we refer to in PR? To increase their visibility (or exposure) the institute utilises social network i. e. Facebook to promote approaching events, VIP associations, and other online presences such as websites/twitter and to provide another avenue to access their products for sale. By using social networking to increase their visibility, the institute develops another avenue to increase donations and much needed funds.Page 3 of 7 PRN101 Major Assignment Blogging is another social media tool that has been adopted by The Black Dog Institute, through the use of twitter a micro-blogging site. Their Twitter blogs allow readers to pull information that is relevant to them and with the dynamic nature of blogging the institute gains a genuine insight into the opinions of their public. In terms of public relations, blogging assists the organisation to maintain a constant and up-to-date connection with its publics.The Black Dog Institute embraces that connection and continues to build a network (or community) of like minded people and remain connected with their audiences. With one of the most important fun ctions of public relations being to create understanding, blogging sites such as Twitter allows The Black Dog Institute to create this understanding. Some media tools do not allow participation from an organisations public, however through blogging a nonpartisan process is encouraged thereby creating a mutual understanding.It is important to remark that a forum involving two-way conversation can again put the organisation in a vulnerable position both its licitly and socially responsible position. Therefore maintaining an ethical approach to the blogging process, with a reckon course of action, can help to reduce this vulnerability. Figure 4 YouTube Videos are another social media tool that an organisation can use to remain connected with their public. Sites like YouTube are becoming increasingly popular with individuals and organisations alike.The Black Dog Institute has a YouTube channel, where subscribers can upload videos and also chin-wagging on videos uploaded by others. The institute joined the YouTube phenomenon in September, 2011. At make there are only two videos available on their own channel, however when you search the term black track institute several others have been uploaded (as indicated in the above image). This indicates an increasing awareness of the institute through an often entertaining and light hearted forum. Videos offer the institute the opportunity to bow their organisation in an honest and accurate way.Further development of their YouTube channel can be achieved Page 4 of 7 PRN101 Major Assignment through commenting on other contributor uploads regarding the institute and its activities from other users. Other tools utilise by the institute, which are a little out of the scope of this essay, include an iPod/iPad application The Black Dog Pedometer. This tool gives the institutes stakeholders/community access to not only a pedometer but also a link to learn more about the institute and also a donation option.In terms of public relations, the pedometer application increases the organisations image as an self-assurance on the accede of mental health and mood disorders. The institute also has a website developed specifically for teenagers www. biteback. org. au which as a whole is not a social media tool however the blog destiny of the site offers interaction and participation by subscribers. The Bite Back website allows the BDI public relations team to take a proactive approach to their subject of expertise, offering an engaging and interactive forum for their younger community groups.As you can see throughout this essay, social media assists the Black Dog Institute in its public relations plans. Tools previously outlined such as wikis, social networking, blogging and videos assist the institute in building and improving relationships with their key stakeholders and to increase awareness and visibility of their organisation. As the momentum of social media continues, further opportunities whitet horn develop for the institute. Trimester 1, 2012 Page 5 of 7 PRN101 Major Assignment role List Figures Figure 1 Black Dog Institute Logo www. lack crossinstitute. org. au (accessed 30 April, 2012) Figure 2 Social Media http//masoncadeagency. com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/SMO_Social_Media_Optimization. jpg (accessed 3 May, 2012) Figure 3 Black Dog Institute Facebook page http//www. facebook. com/blackdoginst (accessed 5 May, 2012) Figure 4 YouTube screenshot Available http//www. youtube. com/results? search_query=black+dog+institute+&oq=black+dog +institute+&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=youtube. 3 16614. 20473. 0. 21177. 22. 19. 1. 2. 2. 1. 30 3. 2779. 5j7j6j1. 19. 0 0. 0. (accessed 6 May, 2012)Bibliography Texts Ali, M 2006, Public Relations Creating an IMAGE, Heinemann, Oxford, GB Chaffey, D & Smith, PR. 2010, eMarketing eXcellence Planning and optimizing your digital marketing, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK. Flynn, N, 2012, Social media handbook policies and best practices to effectively manage your organizations social media presence, posts, and potential risks. Wiley, Australia Harrison, Kim 2011, Strategic Public Relations A Practical Guide to Success, Palgrave Macmillan, southbound Yarra, Australia Lee, R & Kotler, P. 011, Social Marketing Influencing Behaviors for Good, 4th edition. Sage, California Rix, P, 2011, Marketing A Practical Approach, McGraw Hill, North Ryde, Australia. Solis, B & Breakenridge, D. 2009, Putting the Public Back in Public Relations How Social Media Is Reinventing the Aging Business of PR, Pearson Education, New tee shirt Page 6 of 7 PRN101 Major Assignment eBooks and PDFs Junee,T 2012, PRN101_Social_Media_2012-2 Slide. THINK APM College of Business, Sydney Mayfield, A. 2008 What is Social Media? v1. 4 updated 1 August 2008 http//www. crossing. co. uk/fileadmin/uploads/eBooks/What_is_Social_Media_iCrossing_eb ook. pdf (accessed 3 May, 2012) Weblinks Black Dog Insitute. 2012. about(predicate) Us Black Dog Institute. A vailable http//www. blackdoginstitute. org. au/aboutus/overview. cfm (accessed 6 April, 2012) Harris, A. 2012. Be Social Media Savvy. Available http//www. pria. com. au/priablog/be-social-media-savvy (accessed 7 April, 2012) Mental Health Wiki. 2012. show Available http//www. mentalhealthwiki. org/deki/plugins/register/register. php (accessed 2 May,2012) Facebook. 012. Key Facts. Available http//newsroom. fb. com/content/default. aspx? NewsAreaId=22 (accessed 1 May, 2012) YouTube. 2012. Search results for Black Dog Institute. Available http//www. youtube. com/results? search_query=black+dog+institute+=black+dog+instit ute+=f===youtube. 3 16614. 20473. 0. 21177. 22. 19. 1. 2. 2. 1. 303. 2779. 5j7j6 j1. 19. 0 0. 0. (accessed 18 April, 2012) Black Dog Bite Back. 2012. Blogs Available http//www. biteback. org. au/ (accessed 2 May, 2012) Page 7 of 7 PRN101 Major Assignment

Personal Position paper on Psychotherapy Essay

footPeople atomic number 18 al instructions variety showd by disasters, and early(a) life unconstipatedts, that they ask non be damaged by them. -John D. Weaver When we nurture human look, specific both last(predicate)y centralizeing on the using of psycheality and only in-chief(postnominal)(p) to how a person or individual conducts him/herself, psychology offers a manakin of dimensions. The concept of personalizedity is central to our start to under association ourselves and others and is branch of the way in which we account for the differences that contri merelye to our individuality. Psychologists fox been particularly concerned with producement of the personality in relation to genetic and surroundal influences. We receive been favour qualified that the study of human personality has been thriving and cropful. We can choose from as many stickers we can to help us see ourselves better and hold back good relationships. In the carry of our study, ev ery individual counselor healer eventual(prenominal)ly develops his/her own climb in the therapeutical process. The path that the practician takes concerning his/her choice of show up or model depends a lot on his/her own personal preferences, personality and understanding of human nature. An eclectic near is ordinarily the direction that any ane in this field would take however, certain dialect is make on close to specific positions simply because these ar the dominant allele theories which help guide him/her in focusing the essentials of the process with the lymph gland. Though the elbow grease is said to be eclectic thus, the healer shut up has this open woof to change or vary some details of his/her strategy along the course of the interaction or handling phases.Discussion in that location is a need for integration not but for its theoretical applicability provided also for its practical usefulness. Presuppositions or philosophical conceptualizations atomic number 18 the pillars of any worldview, and to achieverfully establish a new one requires that changes or reinforcements be do at this plane. The integrative approaches were framed at this level so as to remove mental oppositions as they arise every time in ones thoughts. When this is not adequately laid down, no audition can align their thoughts or understanding with what the author tries to convey. This constitution is an attempt to convey a personal understanding of human behavior in the context of psychotherapeutic approaches that ar modified for use by the author. It appreciates the accomplishments of the diverse approaches such as Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, Existential, Humanistic, Family Systems, Gestalt and Client-Centered nurtures in the profession. The following reflects the views of the author in the meliorate process of the header and emotions. Key Concepts of My Approach It is therefore expected that though at this point I value the pri mary theories or perspectives that I am thus enumerating afterwards, this also implies that I am open to the confused developments that be expectedly to occur in my practice in the rising. Since this is an eclectic approach at employing strategies I give found to be proficient personally and that of others, I wish to abide by many of these in the following statements. I am persuaded further that key elements or themes argon found all throughout my own version of the approach. The smaller yet finer points happen only in the betwixt. For the project that this paper is taking, I wish to mention then my views individually, on Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, Existential, Humanistic, Family Systems, Gestalt and Client-Centered approaches. Behavioral Therapy This model utilizes what is termed as the learning opening posited by Skinner and Watson and the rest of the Behaviorism school. It assumes that the principles in learning i.e., learn (Associative and Op erant) be potent opines to effect change in an individual. Generally, the thrust of this theoretical perspective is focused on the symptoms that a person is experiencing. vindicatory as many of the errors of the patterns of behavior essentialer up from learning from the environment, it is also imitation that an individual testament be able to unlearn some if not all these by using the techniques as applied based on the learning principles. To a certain extent I believe that this still flora reinforcements are effective to some extent and in some or many people hence I am incorporating this stance separate or distinct from the Cognitive-Behavioral approach. In behavior therapy therefore, thoughts, smackings and all those misfunction and unwanted manifestations revealed in ones activities can be natural and the exert of a behavior healer.The basic concepts acknowledge extinguishing apply when maladaptive patterns are then weakened and removed and in their egress hab its that are healthy are established ( create and strengthened) in a serial or progressive approach called successive approximations. When these (factors) are strengthen such as through rewards in intrinsic and extrinsic means, the potential of a to a greater extent secure and steady change in behavior is developed and firmly established (Rubinstein et al., 20074 Corey, 2004). Although few psychologists today would regard themselves as unmitigated behaviorists, behaviorism has been very influential in the development of psychology as a scientific study. There are different emphases within this discipline though.Some behaviorists contend plainly that the observation of behavior is the best or most expedient method of exploring psycho lucid and cognitive processes. Others consider that it is in earth the only way of examining such processes, while still others reason out that behavior itself is the only appropriate subject of psychology, and that familiar psychological foothold such as belief only refer to behavior. Albert Banduras social cognitive approach grew out of this movement. Banduras method emphasizes cognitive processes oer and above observable behavior, concentrating on not only the influence of the persons upbringing for example, but also observation, imitation, and thought processes (Plotnik, 2005). Cognitive-Behavioral In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a lymph gland or diligent of comes into the mend relationship and the formers map is to change or characterize the latters malad verticaled or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns whitethorn include wishful thinking, unnaturalistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past(a) or even beyond the have and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview a viewpoint t hat takes into consideration that we are task-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future.Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated in general by Ellis and Beck facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist. With the view that the counselor and patient together cooperate to attain a trust relationship and agree which problems or issues need to come first in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the nimble and presenting problem that the lymph gland is worthless and complaining from takes precedence and essential be addressed and focused in the manipulation. There is instantaneous relief from the symptoms, and may be encouraged or spurred on to abide by in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible.The relief from the symptoms from the primary problem or issue will inspire the lymph node to imagine or think that change is not impossible after all. In this model, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. Coaching the patient on the step by step procedure of CBT is a basic and earpiece ingredient. Here the lymph node is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior. His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be reorganized. For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Psychodynamic Therapy The Psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, a nd the form of therapy cognise as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and oft un advised struggles within the person. These usually involved conflicts between our need to converge basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society.not all of those who take a psychodynamic approach accept all of Freuds original ideas, but most would view abnormal or involved behavior as the gist of a hold outure to resolve conflicts adequately. legion(predicate) of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freuds camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). Existential Therapy The Existential approach, as put forward by Nietzsche, K ierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Rollo May, and Frankl, believes that the individuals potential may lie dormant but that it is there waiting to be ushered in time. It recognizes that man is able to make great heights and that these are notwithstanding waiting to be tapped not only by him/herself but that also when helped by a practician who is persuaded of this notion. It examines such major issues as needy will and the challenges of exercising this reconcile will, the issue of mortality, loneliness and in general, the meaning of life.The Therapy is effective when the practitioner works with elderly care and death and dying issues. It focuses on the individual need but takes into consideration the significant relationships and the meanings they bring into the persons life. Transcending the issues and problems are primary intentions of the therapist at the selfsame(prenominal) time being realistic that certain limitations do exist and may hinder the process of retrieval (Rubinst ein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Humanistic Therapy Allport, Bugental, Buhler, Maslow Rollo May, Murphy, Murray, Fritz Perls and Rogers are those that helped usher in the Humanistic theory and nonessential therapy. It holds in view the individual as give birthing the options or freedom to choose, creativity, and the aptitude to attain a state where he/she is more aware, freer, responsible and fit of trust. Because the human mind has immense potential, the approach assesses as rise up that forces from the environment bear on with the individual and depending on the interplay that occurs within the individual person, the result will all be destructive or constructive to the person. In sum, humanism takes into the perspective that essentially humans are good and not evil, and that the therapy facilitates by harnessing on the human potential through the development of interpersonal skills. This results to an liftd quality life and the individual becomes an asset rather than a liabi lity to the society where he revolves in (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Family Systems Therapy This theoretical viewpoint has been the byproduct of the works of Bateson, Minuchin, Bowen, Ackerman and many others. Usually done in pairs or by a team of practitioners, family systems therapy has its roots in behavioral and psychoanalytic principles. This model understands that the family is a unit and its members or any of its members with an issue or a problem must be addressed in the context of the family as a unit. It puts its emphasis on the relationships among the family members, their patterns of communication more than their individual traits and/or symptoms. The systems theory portion of the therapy indicates that whatever is occurring or happening is not detached but is a working part of a bigger context. In the family systems approach then, no individual person can be understood when removed from his relationships whether in the present or past, and this is speciall y focused on the family he belongs to (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Gestalt Therapy Gestalt therapy has this finish of reducing if not removing the symptoms with the rationale that the individual has personal responsibility and that the here-and-now experience is thus very important. This two-fold emphasis on the present moment as experienced by the person and that another(prenominal) reality is that our existence is entangled actually with other aspects and parts of the environment. It is when we understand that we are related with other things that insights to our issues are achieved and help us in determination solutions to our existence. When we are free from the obstructions of things that are unfinished then we reduce the obstacles and kick upstairs the opportunities to our optimal satisfaction and fulfillment and eventual harvest (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Client-Centered Therapy Developed and known because of the works by one person Carl Rogers Cli ent Centered Therapy focuses on the person who needs aid and his/her improvement depends on the client himself although with the facilitation and assist of the therapist. The rationale for the direction of the therapy lies in the notion that humans basically possess the ability to move towards the fulfillment of his/her possibilities. According to Rogers, Individuals have within themselves capacious resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self-directed behavior these resources can be tapped if a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided (Rogers, 1980, p 115-117 in Rubinstein et al., 2007). This approach is very popular today and many therapists usually incorporate this model into their own eclectic method. Rogers identified common chord important concepts termed as conditions these are congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy. some(prenominal) in the mental health circles have these in their day-to-day jargon. In the said(prenominal) conditions, a person moves toward what Rogers call constructive direction when these iii conditions are afforded. The Role of the Therapist I aspire to be a therapist counselor whose practice is characterized as empowering and collaborative. By empowering, I understand the limitations of my role and as such I am constrained at the same time to impart my best knowledge and efforts to enable my client/patient to understand him/herself, and lead the treatment to the point where he/she is able to stand on his/her own without my help anymore. Further, it means that I recognize the patient or client as a person who is not only complex, he/she is also is imbued with the nature that inherently can heal, grow and mature. They turn over to the process, and their attitude towards the whole duration of the healing relationship is a crucial aspect to the attainment of their goals. The therapist then must remove by all means any barrier or obstruction to the transaction of goals especially when these come potentially from the therapist him/herself (thats me).By collaborative, once a profit because there are set limitations on my capacities, I recognize the availableness and expertise of others in realms that I hardly know and that working with them, collaborating with them, gives my client more options, and provides him/her the best and comprehensive interventions that there is in the field. A therapy that is beneficial looks beyond my set style and preferences of diagnosis and treatment it is progressive and samples to enhance the initial strategies that had been established and continually expands oneself by learning and researching. Most importantly, by collaboration, my client is the most significant collaborator and that notion should not be missed all throughout (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004).. The effectiveness of therapy in counselling is restricted substantially on two factors namely, the patients cooperation, and the expertise of the therapist. Many experts in the field of Psychology have observed the significant office of the client to the over-all process. The individuals perception of the therapist is extremely crucial to the ensuing treatment. Without the needed initial positive perception of the therapist on the part of the one seeking treatment, the whole process will not generate a desired momentum that would set the entire stratagem in a strategic stance. Of course, the expertise of the therapist is another major factor actually, the other half but its a inclined to the whole package of treatment (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Since a working alliance has to be established first before the actual treatment is administered, there are important or vital considerations for this working alliance between client and therapist to occur, and this is in prcis, the intentions of this paper. What we will be considering in this paper are the challenges that new the rapists face as they practice their profession.The past luggage of the client. From any vantage point, the level of trust by client on his therapist, whether that perception is based on attractiveness, trustworthiness or as someone who knows what he may be dealing with in terms of credentials, are valid, and is the utmost concern of the helping relationship. Trust in the part of the client is indispensable for the healing process. However, because the full ramifications of the issue almost always attach on the perceptions of the client, the problems and hindrances need to be addressed or at least(prenominal) cited for clarity and deliberation at the outset of the relationship.As hinted above, the client may be bringing (emotional) baggage into their mutual involvement which may be due to prior engagements with other professionals in the therapeutic relations, whether positive or negative. Oftentimes, in many cases, these may be liaisons which were unsuccessful, distasteful or ev en traumatic for a few. The author pointed out that any form of future therapy will be affected due to these previous experiences, and it has to be dealt with undecomposed away at the outset (Horvath & Luborsky, 1993, p. 4). The fitness of the therapist By fitness, we mean sufficient, wide-ranging exposure, and right training to the good-natured of illness/es or disorder/s that he may be dealing. Even with age spent in the academe will not guarantee the development of skills in handling such complex and true-to-life situations or scenarios. At times, the theoretic skills acquired, instead of enabling the new therapist, may deter or hamper the process. This means to say that the therapist must possess more than head-knowledge he should not allow his schooling to affect him to the extent that it made him conceited with no room for more learning especially when superfluous knowledge are available in the patient himself. He must also have the sensitivity to employ his gut-feeling to at times, direct the course of the therapy (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004).Therapeutic relationships are almost always exhausting, but it will be an undesirable experience for the alliance partners when just one of them becomes disinterested, hence as Luborsky pressed that reciprocity must be established, cultivated or keep until the relationship is terminated, hopefully because the client is well (Horvath & Luborsky, 1993, p. 4).III. The Therapeutic Process The therapeutic process is initiated by the therapist primarily as soon as the client or others who refer or brought the patient in for the expect long haul of the healing relationship. It would be impossible to do all approaches at one time. By eclectic and as oft emphasized, the consumption of any of the methods will be dependent on the need of the patient, and other pertinent information that help guide which of these the therapist will be using. The therapist then is enjoined to be able to diagnose well it is at t his stage that any practitioner is well aware of the risks should he/she fail to diagnose properly the needs and or issues /problems of the client. However, as he/she matures and advances in the profession, many instances occur that the mistakes made in diagnosis are often corrected while at the treatment stage, hence the traits of flexibility and lowliness (admitting mistakes for instance) are valued highly in this profession (Rogers, 1980, p 115-117 in Rubinstein et al., 2007). Employing the Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychodynamic, Existential, Humanistic, Family Systems, Gestalt and Client-Centered Eclectic stance primarily involves the incorporation of distinct concepts within a single framework. The important thing is that of flexibility and resiliency on my part when to apply or implement which of the theories in the context of my client. It starts with the identification of specific problems and especially the root causes. When this is confidently achieved, the ther apist is actually midway to attaining his/her goals which includes not only the relief of the symptoms that the sufferer is currently experiencing but especially the reduction of the position if not altogether eliminated.The specific treatment goals are as well essential and it helps in the remaining aspects or levels of the process. The diagnostic part by itself in most cases is considered therapeutic since many clients have experienced immediate relief in the language of psychoanalysis, the cathartic effect is helpful already. In addition, another important ingredient in the process is to identify effective reinforcers which help people in crisis for instance or those in sharp-worded and chronic mental and emotional anguish to sustain their plan for change and control of their disorders. Helping the client set up a kind of self-help management program is a very effective strategy to pursue within the relationship (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004).Identifying clients in cris is Despite breakthroughs in scientific researches and the success of many crisis interventions by established churches, there are fly by night operations which prey on funding of private and government activity groups on such types of operations. There are those who minister lacking the necessary spiritual maturity and corresponding abilities in this kind of endeavor, hence the extremity of proper credentials to minimize abuses in the profession (Buttman, p.59). Crucial to the treatment or interventions of people in crisis is the identification of clients experiencing crisis in life. Knowledge of the three core components of crisis intervention theory (a precipitating event, client perception of the event, and the clients usual coping methods) is essential in this kind of work (Walsh et al, 2005). The Goal of Therapy Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent days. Its immense s pectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved ones attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the worsening situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006).The shrewd crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatening events and feel overwhelmed with backbreakingy resolving the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives. They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with dys working(a) conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client. Although an immed iate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned in the preceding pages is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but n any is this easy.Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications. It is very a lot essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). Moreover, the identification of specific treatments or interventions match to the diagnosed issue will be accommodated and implemented b ased on the elect treatment modalities fit with the therapeutic approach utilized. It may be a single modality based on a single approach (e.g., learning principles and desensitization for a patient with specific phobias) or it by chance a combination of many modalities (CBT, Rogerian, Phenomenological, or Family systems) (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004). The Nature of the Relationship between the Therapist and the Client The client throughout the process is a person in need of help and support and this reality is throughout reinforced in the process until the need to terminate the relationship. The therapist is the helper, who ushers the client to chance upon insights into his needs and problems and until the client is able to stand on his/her own the therapist aids him/her in more ways than one. Because of usual and common abuses that either the client suffers or that the therapist at times undergoes, definite boundaries are set in place at the outset. This must be establis hed at the initial stage and from time to time emphasized to mind either of the parties in the limits of the relationship. The therapist is guided by morality and ethical motive of his/her profession in the proper exercise of his/her duties and bound by rectitude to implement this in the process and make this known as well to the client. The therapist terminates the relationship readily or refer the client to another competent practitioner should the limits be reached and the relationship has become unrealistically difficult for either of the two parties. Best Practices for Techniques Techniques or the utilization of various modalities come in a variety of forms and each when employed has the potential to collaborate the individuals needs. The modality of choice at particular client/patient depends on such considerations as family support, monetary constraints or financial capability, the patients preference, diagnosis, and age of patient (Rubinstein, et al., 2007). Employing th e cathartic method, teaching the client to examine his/her thought patterns, to discern the errors of judgment and gain insight into him/herself, and to superintend with patience the whole process are fundamentals in the process. When the therapist is able to shift effectively in various standpoints and enables the client to gain a better, realistic and eradicate unrealistic expectations of the self and others, they are both on the way to achieving wholeness and healing that which the client so need and aspire. This requires practice, or constant training and endurance on the part of the therapist (Rubinstein et al., 2007 Corey, 2004).VII. Methods of Therapy Every theoretical approach has its own assumptions. In the psychodynamic theory, the following three assumptions help guide a student of human behavior or an expert in this field determine the underlying factors that explain the exposed manifestations of specific behaviors. These assumptions therefore, help guide the diagnosis of the presence or absence of mental illness. They are the same assumptions that guide the therapist in choosing what treatment that will better help heal, cure or alleviate the symptoms. These assumptions areThere are instinctive urges that drive personality formation.Personality growth is driven by conflict and resolving anxieties.Unresolved anxieties produce mental case symptoms (Source Kaplan et al, 1994). The goals of treatment here include alleviating patient of the symptoms which specifically works to unwrap and work through unconscious conflict. The task of psychodynamic therapy is to make the unconscious conscious to the patient (Models of abnormality, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. In the psychodynamic approach the treatment modality fre quently used includes dreams and free association, at times hypnosis (as preferred by either the therapist or by the client). The therapist actively communicates with the client in the on-going sessions. The scenario appears that a given patient may have up to louver times a week session and runs up to five years in length (Rubinstein et al., 2007). The methods of therapy incorporate the methods of the eight models. In Behavioral Therapy the development of behavioral skills that encourage effective actions which is done through incorporating principles in learning or classical and operant conditioning. It utilizes shaping, modeling and such concepts as behavior modification, counterconditioning and exposure, and systematic desensitization. Behavioral or action therapies utilize insight just as much as the psychodynamic model. Just as the cognitivebehavioral model also recognizes the concept of insight as well, this is only a matter of emphasis or focus. In behavioral/cognitive-beh avioral therapies the focus is on the modification or control of behavior and insight usually becomes a tangential advantage.Techniques include CBT through such strategy as cognitive restructuring and the current frequently used REBT for Rational Emotive-Behavior Therapy where irrational beliefs are eliminated by examining them in a rational manner (Corey, 2004 Davison and Neale, 2001). Whereas in insight therapies the focus or emphasis is on the patients ability in understanding his/her issues basing on his inner conflicts, motives and fears. Techniques then include reflection of feelings and free association the former as employed in the client relate therapy and with the latter in psychodynamic therapy. Cognitive Strategies are utilized to promote functional thoughts which are likely to result in adaptive and healthy habits (Corey, 2004 Davison and Neale, 2001). Client-centered therapy avoids the fabrication of goals on the patient or client during therapy. It is the client who takes the lead in the session and of the conversation. It is the job of the therapist to create the conditions conducive to the clients positive judgment of those experiences that are intrinsically satisfying to the client. The goal then is to reach the point where the client desires to be a good and cultivate person. Unconditional positive regard enhances this atmosphere however, and although the goal may be difficult to achieve, unconditional positive regard eventually, according to Rogers, encourages even the unbehaved to align or even transform (Corey, 2004 Davison and Neale, 2001). Gestalt therapy techniques on the other hand, include the I-language, The unemployed Chair, Projection feelings, Attending to Nonverbal Cues, and the Use of Metaphor (Corey, 2004 Davison and Neale, 2001). The techniques may sound a lot like pulling this and that from ones beam of light box but in practice it is far from whimsical and impulsive. There is given time to much thought and analysis per client and an evaluation in between is mustered in order to be kept on track according to the specific goals that had been established at the outset. Here, professionalism counts and much of the efforts poured into every patients benefit. In order to avoid what Corey says as a syncretistic and hodgepodge type of eclectism a theoretical rationale must be underpinning in the overall approach of the therapist (Corey, 2001, Article 29 in Lazarus, 1986, 1996 Lazarus, Beutler, & Norcross, 1992). This means that I as the therapist must establish firmly my own worldview, which contains my value system, and communicates this at the outset to the client and intermittently in the therapeutic process.